水分亏缺对青藏高原小麦族作物籽粒中氮磷钾和氨基酸含量的影响  

Effects of water deficit on the contents of N,P and K and amino acids accumulation in wheat grains of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：白羿雄 姚晓华[1,2,3,4] 姚有华 杨莉娜 吴昆仑[1,2,3,4] BAI Yixiong;YAO Xiaohua;YAO Youhua;YANG Lina;WU Kunlun(College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding,Xining 810016,China;National Wheat Improvement center Qinghai Highland Barley Sub-center,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource ＆ Germplasm Enhancement,Ministry of Agriculture,Xining 810016,China 5.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心,西宁810016 [4]农业部作物基因资源与种质创制青海科学观测实验站,西宁810016 [5]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2018年第7期11-18,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：青海省创新平台建设专项(2017-ZJ-Y33);青海省科技支撑项目(2015-NK-114);青海省农林科学院创新基金重大专项(2017-NKY-01);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05);青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2017-QNY-2)

摘　　要：为探明不同水分处理青稞和春小麦籽粒中养分、蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化规律,为青藏高原小麦族作物抗旱和品质育种提供理论依据。以春青春41号(小麦)和昆仑14号(青稞)为参试材料,设水分充足处理(C1)、水分轻度亏缺处理(C2)和水分重度亏缺处理(C3)3个水平,随机区组设计,研究不同水分处理对籽粒中NPK、蛋白质和氨基酸含量的影响。相比于C2,两种小麦族作物在C3处理下的氮磷钾、蛋白质、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和氨基酸总量均呈升高的趋势,但青稞中各指标的增幅较大。水分亏缺对小麦和青稞籽粒中NPK、蛋白质和氨基酸含量均会产生一定影响,但其变化模式存在一定差异。小麦籽粒中氮磷钾、蛋白质、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和氨基酸总量的变化规律均呈先降低后升高的趋势;青稞籽粒中氮钾、蛋白质、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和氨基酸总量的含量呈显著增高趋势且增幅随水分亏缺程度的加剧而变大。水分亏缺会对小麦族作物籽粒中氮磷钾、蛋白质、必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量产生影响,但青稞和小麦的响应机制存在一定差异。相比于水分充足处理,水分亏缺处理下青稞籽粒养分、蛋白质及其组分呈显著升高趋势而小麦籽粒中呈先降低后升高趋势,表明小麦族作物中小麦对水分亏缺的耐受性较低。This study aimed at exploring the changes of nutrient,protein and amino acid content in the grains of barley and spring wheat under different water treatments to provide theoretical basis for the drought resistance and quality breeding of the wheat family crops in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The experiment was conducted by taking Qingchun 41（wheat）and Kunlun 14（barley）as study materials.Three treatments were designed including sufficient treatment（C1）,mild deficit treatment（C2）and severe deficit treatment（C3）.Randomized block was design to study the effects of different water treatments on the NPK,protein and amino acid contents in its kernels.The results showed that：Compared with C2,the total NPK contents,protein,essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids and amino acids of two wheat crops increased in C3 treatment.However,there were some differences in the patterns of water deficit on N,P and K contend,protein and amino acid between wheat and barley grains.The changes of total N,P and K,protein,essential amino acids,nonessential amino acids and total amino acids in wheat grain showed decreased first and then increased.The contents of nitrogen and potassium,protein,essential amino acids,nonessential amino acids and total amino acids increased,and increased more significantly when under the severe water deficit.The effects of water deficit on the content of N,P and K,protein essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid in grain of wheat family crops had some differences.Compared with sufficient water treatment,under water deficit treatment,the nutrient content of barley grains,protein and its components increased significantly while the index of wheat grains decreased first and then increased in the underwater deficit treatment,suggesting that the resistance of wheat to water deficit was lower.

关 键 词：水分亏缺 养分含量 氨基酸 蛋白质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311