不同化控剂对藜麦农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of chemical control on agronomic traits and yield of quinoa

作　　者：任永峰[1,2] 黄琴[1] 王志敏[1] 杨亚东[1] 梅丽[3] 赵沛义[2] REN Yongfeng;HUANG Qin;WANG Zhimin;YANG Yadong;MEI Li;ZHAO Peiyi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Station for Popularizing Agricultural Technique of Beijing,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特010031 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2018年第8期8-16,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：北京市农委科技项目支持;内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2015QNJJN09)

摘　　要：为探究降低藜麦倒伏率的有效农艺措施。本研究对比5种不同化控剂(多效唑、金得乐、矮壮素、缩节胺和乙烯利)和打顶措施对藜麦植株生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:1)与正常田间栽培的藜麦对照(CK)相比,喷施多效唑和矮壮素能够有效降低植株株高,提高植株叶片叶绿素含量;2)喷施矮壮素和打顶措施能增加藜麦单株叶面积,分别较CK高18.2%和9.7%,缩节胺处理抑制植株叶面积的增长,较CK处理降低12.1%。化控处理能够明显提高叶片光合速率和水分利用效率,其中矮壮素效果最佳;3)打顶能显著促进一级分枝数的增加,但侧枝折断率较高,喷施矮壮素显著降低一级分枝数和侧枝折断率;喷施化控剂能促进植株茎秆增粗,且金得乐和缩节胺处理茎秆增粗效果优于其他处理;4)化控处理显著增加单株籽粒重和产量,以矮壮素处理下产量最高,较对照高114.7%;喷施矮壮素、多效唑和打顶措施能显著提高藜麦千粒重。因此,喷施矮壮素能够显著控制株高,降低侧枝折断率,促进植株生长,提高叶片光合性能和产量,可作为藜麦高产栽培适宜的化控抗倒伏措施应用。In order to find effective agronomic measures,which could reduce the lodging rate of quinoa.A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of five chemical control agents（Paclobutrazol,JinDele,Chlormequat,Mepiquat chloride and Ethephon）and topping on the growth and yield of quinoa plants,the results showed that：1）Compared with the normal cultivated quinoa plant（CK）,spraying paclobutrazol and chlormequat could effectively reduce the plant height and promote chlorophyll content of plant leaves;2）Spraying chlormequat and topping measures rapidly increased the leaf area per plant of quinoa,which were 18.2% and 9.7% higher than that of control,respectively.The treatment of mepiquat chloride inhibiteded the growth of plant leaf area,which was 12.11%less than that of control.Chemical control obviously improved photosynthetic rate and the water use efficiency of the leaves,among which chlormequat was the best;3）Topping increased the number of primary branches,but lateral lodging rate was higher.Chlormequat significantly reduced the number of primary branches and the rate of lateral lodging.Spraying chemical control agent could promote plant stem thickening,and Jin Dele treatment effect was obvious;4）The chemical control treatment could promote the grain weight and yield significantly.The yield of chlormequat treatment was the highest,and was 114.7% higher than that of control.Spraying chlormequat,paclobutrazol and topping measuressignificantly improved the thousand kernel weight of quinoa,which were conducive to yield.In conclusion,chlormequat significantly control plant height reduced the rate of side branch of quinoa,promoted plant growth and improved photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,which was also conducive to the formation the yield.It can be used as a suitable chemical resistance control mearsures for high yield cultivation of quinoa.

关 键 词：藜麦 化控 倒伏 产量 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]