陕西凤翔秦公一号大墓车马坑马骨遗骸古DNA研究  

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Horse Remains from the Chariot Burial Pits of No. l Qingong Mausoleum in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province

作　　者：蔡大伟[1] 朱司祺 胡松梅 田亚岐 孙洋 陈曦[4] 周慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心 [2]陕西省考古研究院 [3]山东省石刻艺术博物馆 [4]吉林市博物馆

出　　处：《考古与文物》2018年第3期106-112,共7页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金(14BKG023);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD780010);吉林大学青年学术领袖项目(2015FRLX01;2014ZZ006);第48批教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金

摘　　要：本文对陕西凤翔秦公一号大墓车马坑出土的10个古代马进行了古DNA分析,成功获得了7个古线粒体DNA数据。古DNA序列分析显示部分古代马的线粒体DNA世系起源于欧亚大陆西部。通过与不同时期、不同地点的中国古代马的序列进行对比分析,发现秦公一号大墓部分古代马的基因型早在西周时期就已经在西北地区出现,并且在春秋战国之际出现在宁夏、内蒙古地区。这样的结果一方面表明西北地区是家马进入中国的一条重要通道,另一方面表明秦人与北方游牧人群存在广泛的交流活动。共享序列搜索显示秦公一号大墓古代马FX4和FX5基因型与汗血马有关,通过进一步对比中国古代马与土库曼阿哈尔捷金马的遗传关系,发现汗血马可能在西周时期就已经通过贸易引进到西北地区,远远早于汉代。This article presents results of ancient DNA analysis of 10 horse samples from chariot burial pits of No. 1 Qingong Mausoleum in Fengxiang, Shaanxi. Seven mitochondrial DNA sequences were successfully obtained from these samples. Sequence analyses indicated that mitochondrial DNA lineages of some ancient horses originated from west Eurasia. When combined with other ancient horse data of different periods and regions, our results show that the haplotypes of some ancient horses in the assemblage already appeared in northwest China during the Western Zhou period, and spread into Ningxia and Inner Mongolian region between the Spring Autumn and Warring States periods. The results suggested on the one hand that northwest China is an important channel for horse importation and, on the other hand, the exchange between the Qin and northern nomadic people was intensive. The share sequence searching also shows that ancient horses with haplotypes FX4 and FX5 were closely related to the so-called Sweats Blood horses. On this issue, a further investigation of the genetic relationship between Chinese ancient horses and Turkoman Akhal-teke horses was carded out. The results suggest that Sweats Blood horses might have been imported into northern China during the Western Zhou period, far earlier than the Han Dynasty that was usually suggested.

关 键 词：秦公一号大墓 车马坑 马 线粒体DNA 世系 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]