汉语音节语素化探析——兼论《现代汉语词典》中语素义的入典问题  

Analysis of Morphemization of Syllables of Foreign Words: Problems with the Inclusion of Morphemic Meanings into A Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：支玲 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《辞书研究》2018年第4期39-49,共11页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：文章从有音译成分的复合词入手,从复合词中提取出音译外来语素,发现部分音译成分已经具备了汉语语素的特点。我们发现,不同的音译成分语素化的程度不同,专有名词性成分可依据其原式的活跃程度来判断,普通名词性成分的主要鉴别标准是构词量的多少,动词性成分和量词的鉴别标准则是使用频率的高低。有些音译成分随着使用频率的增高,语素义会发生泛化或增加新的义项。音译成分语素化使得汉语中的同音同形问题更加突出,同时增加新造汉字。This article starts with compounds that are partially transliterated. After extracting foreign morphemes from the compounds and analyzing their functions in word formation,it is found that some transliterated elements possess the features of Chinese morphemes when used in compounds. It is also found that different components of transliteration vary in the degree of morphemization. Proper nouns can be judged according to their original degree activeness,common nouns to the number of words they help to build,and verbs and measure words to their use frequency. The morphemic meanings of some components of transliteration can become generalized or expanded with the increased use frequency of these components. The morphemization of the components of transliteration makes homophones in Chinese more prominent and increases the forms of Chinese characters in writing.

关 键 词：语素 语素化 音译成分 语义泛化 语素义入典 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]