西方博士后职业发展的境遇与启示  

The Situation and Its Enlightenment of the Western Postdoctoral Career Development

作　　者：郭瑞迎[1] 牛梦虎[2] GUO Ruiying;NIU Menghu(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi＇an 710062;Xi＇an Jiaotong University, Xi＇an 710049)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院 [2]西安交通大学中国西部高等教育评估中心,助理研究员陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2018年第8期94-99,共6页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：西安交通大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(SK2018024)的研究成果

摘　　要：随着学术劳动力市场的渐趋饱和与博士后规模扩张,西方国家博士后职业发展面临一些新的境遇。博士后岗位的性质带有学科分化特征,外籍博士后面临着身份定位的困境。虽然博士后研究训练有利于学术职业晋升,但这种促进作用主要发生在职业早期。由于学术职业的竞争越来越激烈,期望从事非学术职业的博士后比例不断增加,但也面临着非学术职业能力准备不足,对非学术性岗位的需求不清晰等问题。西方博士后职业的发展境遇,对我们理解博士后岗位的性质与定位,提升博士后人才培养质量和完善相关制度具有一定的借鉴价值。With the academic labor market saturating and the postdoctoral scale expanding, the western postdoctoral development faces some new situations. There is obvious characteristic of disciplinary differentiation on the nature and identity of postdoctoral position, and foreign postdocters often face the dilemma of identity. Although postdoctoral research training is conducive to academic career advancement, this promotion mainly occurs in early career. As the academic profession is becoming more and more competitive, the proportion of postdocs who expect to engage in non-academic careers is increasing. But they also face problems such as lack of preparation for non-academic career and unclear requirements for non-academic positions. The situation of the western postdoctoral development could bring certain reference value for China to understand the nature and identity of postdoctoral position, to improve the quality of postdoctoral talents training and the relevant system.

关 键 词：博士后 岗位性质 职业发展 学术职业 

分 类 号：G644.8[文化科学—高等教育学]