叶喷不同水平氮肥对苹果果实淀粉和糖及代谢相关酶活性的影响  

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Spraying on Dynamic Changes of Starch,Sugar and Activities of Related Enzymes in Apple Fruits

作　　者：温志静 郭延平[1] 张雯[1] 毛海燕 梁俊[1] WEN Zhijing;GUO Yanping;ZHANG Wen;MAO Haiyan;LIANG Jun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A~.F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第6期846-853,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2014BAD16B02);陕西省科技统筹创新计划(2015KTZDNY02-08;2016KTZDNY01-07;2016KTZDNY01-03-02)~~

摘　　要：以5a生盆栽‘嘎啦’苹果为试材,以喷施纯水为对照(CK),设置3个处理,分别为喷施w=0.1%的尿素(N1),w=0.3%的尿素(N2),w=0.5%的尿素(N3)进行试验,研究叶施不同水平的氮素对苹果果实淀粉、可溶性糖及相关代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着果实发育,果实中果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖质量分数增加,山梨醇质量分数减少,淀粉质量分数在果实发育初期增加但随着果实的成熟,质量分数减少。氮素可以提高果实单果质量。适量质量分数的氮素有助于淀粉、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖的合成,其代谢相关的酶如ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、酸性转化酶(AI)、蔗糖合酶(SS-分解方向)、蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)和山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活性提高;氮素过量时,淀粉、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖的合成受到抑制,品质下降,相关酶活性也降低。氮素对中性转化酶(NI)和山梨醇氧化酶(SOX)影响不大。The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen spraying on dynamic changes of starch and sugar as well as activities of related enzymes in apple fruits.The study compared the effect of spraying different urea mass fraction（N1：0.1%,N2：0.3%,N3：0.5%）with spraying pure water（CK）with 5-year-old potted ‘Gala＇apple.The results indicated that during development of the fruit,the mass fraction of fructose,sucrose and glucose increased,while sorbitol mass fraction decreased.The starch mass fraction increased at the early stage of fruit development,while it decreased during the ripening stage of fruit.Nitrogen could increase mass per fruit.Appropriate level of nitrogen contribution to the synthesis of starch,fructose,sucrose,glucose.And related metabolic enzymes：ADPG pyrophosphorylase（AGPase）,α-amylase,β-amylase,acid invertase（AI）,sucrose synthase（SS-decomposition direction）,sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）and sorbitol dehydrogenase（SDH）increased compared with CK.While the nitrogen was excess,the synthesis of starch,fructose,sucrose and glucose were inhibited.Apple quality and the activities of related enzymes also decreased.Nitrogen had no significant effect on neutral invertase（NI）and sorbitol oxidase（SOX）.Under all treatments,the N2 treatment was the best.

关 键 词：'嘎啦’苹果 氮肥 淀粉 糖 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]