职务发明奖酬的法律性质认定——兼评《职务发明条例草案(送审稿)》相关规定  

The Legal Nature of the Reward and Remuneration for Employment Invention-creation——Comment on the Relevant Provisions of “Employment Invention-Creation Regulations”

作　　者：何炼红[1] 尹庆[1] HE Lian-hong;YIN Qing(Law school of Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《科技与法律》2018年第3期26-31,94,共7页Science Technology and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目一般项目"人工智能知识产权法律问题研究"(17BFX012);中南大学研究生科研创新项目"深层链接行为的法律规制"(2017zzts250);中南大学中央高校本科研业务费专项基金资助

摘　　要：职务发明奖酬请求权作为一项复合型权利,可以分为职务发明奖励请求权以及职务发明报酬请求权。其中,职务发明奖励属于单位对于发明人这一优秀雇员的工资额外奖励,其性质属于劳动报酬;而职务发明报酬制度是企业以减少代理成本、防范道德风险为目的,以提高发明人企业地位为手段加强雇员对公司的忠实义务的一种自生运行机制,其前提为发明人在职务发明成果创造之时与单位存在劳动关系。因此职务发明奖酬请求权是以劳动合同为基础、在利润分配数额以及方式方面类民事股权红利分配的复合型权利。职务发明奖酬法律性质采用复合性权利说,能够在企业经济利润的产生、职务发明奖酬的分配以及制度纠纷方面均得到合理性验证。As a compound right, the right of the reward and remuneration for employment invention-creation can be classified as the right to claim for the reward and the right to claim for the remuneration. The right to claim for the reward can be regarded as the additional salary and reward, which belongs to a kind of labor exchange. Through the improvement of the status in the unit as the reason for the enhancement of employees＇ duty of loyalty to the unit, the system of the remuneration for invention-creation is a spontaneous mechanism, where there would be the labor relationship between the inventor and the unit as the premise while operating, in order to help the unit decrease the representative cost and guard against the mortal hazard. As a result, the right of the reward and remuneration for employment invention-creation is based on the labor contrast and resemble the distribution of dividends in civil rights in the manner. Finally, the view on the compound right has verified its reasonableness through the three aspects including the production of unit economic profit, the distribution of the remuneration and the resolution of the system dispute.

关 键 词：职务发明 奖酬制度 复合型权利 劳动报酬 股权红利分配 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]