制度角色与制度能力:论刑事证明标准的降格适用  

Institutional Role and Institutional Competence:On Lowered Application of Criminal Standard of Proof

作　　者：陈虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2018年第4期105-123,共19页China Legal Science

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"死刑案件有效辩护论"(项目批准号:13CFX058)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：我国刑事诉讼证明标准在实践中往往会被降格适用,法律制度上的"高标准"并没有在实践中做到"严要求",造成这一悖反现象的根本原因在于裁判者制度角色和制度能力之间的矛盾。一方面,人们期待裁判者能够严格掌握证明标准,以防止错判无辜,另一方面,裁判者的制度能力又无力实现这一制度角色期待。提高死刑案件证明标准等改革方案进一步拉大了这种制度角色和制度能力之间的鸿沟,从而可能加大刑事司法错判无辜的风险。司法改革应重视制度角色和制度能力的互动关系,以避免表达与实践的悖反现象,真正实现改革的目标。The standard of proof in criminal cases is lowered frequently, so the ＂high standard＂ in the law is not strictly applied in practice. The fundamental cause is the contradiction between the institutional role and the institutional competence of adjudicators. On the one hand, people expect adjudicators to strictly grasp the standard of proof to avoid convicting the innocent. On the other hand, the institutional competence of adjudicators cannot meet the expectation of the institutional role. Improving the standard of proof in capital cases enlarges the gap between the institutional role and the institutional competence, which may increase the risk of convicting the innocent. Judicial reform should pay attention to the interaction between the institutional role and the institutional competence, so as to avoid the contradiction between the expression and practice, and truly achieve the goal of reform.

关 键 词：制度角色 制度能力 证明标准 降格适用 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]