宇宙本体论与本体宇宙论——兼论朱子对《太极图说》的诠释  

Universe Ontology and Ontological Cosmism:With a Discussion of Zhu Xi's Interpretation of Explanations of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate

作　　者：丁为祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《文史哲》2018年第4期40-49,共10页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"宋明道学核心价值研究"(15ZDB008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在中国哲学中,宇宙论与本体论代表着人们对生存世界两种不同的把握方式。一般说来,宇宙论是以实然存在及其时空形式的角度指谓生存世界;本体论则以超越时空、超越聚散存亡的角度来概括这个生存世界。至于宇宙本体论与本体宇宙论,则指宇宙论与本体论两种不同的结合方式,所谓宇宙本体论是指沿宇宙论进路所形成的本体,但却必然包含着一定的由已知推及未知的弊端;而所谓本体宇宙论,则是通过先确立本体,从而形成在本体之观照、统摄下的宇宙论。在从汉唐到宋明的思想演变中,有无本体论视角构成了其中的一个关键环节;而朱子关于理气关系的规定,则既上承孔子对仁礼关系的思考,从而使其哲学成为一种标准的本体宇宙论;同时,他又通过对周敦颐《太极图说》之本体宇宙论的定性与诠释,从而又使其哲学带上了宇宙本体论的特色,朱子由此成为汉宋学术之集大成者。但朱子本体宇宙论与宇宙本体论的矛盾,又为人们提出了一个本体论究竟应当如何确立的重大问题。In Chinese philosophy, cosmism and ontology represent two different ways of grasping the world. Generally speakings the former refers to the world in the perspective of the actual existence and its form of time and space;and the latter generalizes the world from a perspective beyond time and space, convergence and divergence, as well as life and death.As for universe ontology and ontological cosmism, they are two different modes to combine cosmism and ontology.The so-called universe ontology refers to noumenon formed along the approach of cosmism, which positively contains certain abuse of inferring the unknown from the known; and the so-called ontological cosmism first establishes the noumenon, and then forms cosmism in the perspective and governance of such noumenon.In the ideological evolution from the Han-Tang period to the Song-Ming Dynasties, the presence or absence of ontology constitutes the key.On the one hand, Zhu Xi's definition about the relation between li(pattern, principle) and qi(cosmic vapor) carries on Confucius' contemplation of the relation between benevolence and rites, which makes his philosophy a kind of standard ontological cosmism; and on the other hand, he makes his philosophy bearing the characteristics of cosmic ontology through the qualitation and interpretation of the ontological cosmism in Zhou Dunyi's Explanations of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate.Zhu Xi thus became an epitome of the Han-Song academics.However, the contradiction between Zhu Xi's ontological cosmism and cosmic ontology poses a great question concerning how should a kind of ontology be established.

关 键 词：宇宙本体论 本体宇宙论 朱子 《太极图说》 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]