马氏珠母贝F8代4种壳色选育群体的EST-SSR遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Selective Breeding F8 of Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii with Four Shell Colors by EST-SSR Markers

作　　者：谭杰 孙宗红 陶雅晋 姚高友 刘付少梅 刘锦上 刘志刚 TAN Jie;SUN Zonghong;TAO Yajin;YAO Gaoyou;LIUFU Shaomei;LIU Jinshang;LIU Zhigang(Engineering Research Center Laboratory of Healthy Breeding for Nanhai Economic Invertebrates,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Zhanjiang Silver Wave Marine Biotechnology Company,Zhanjiang 524000,China;Leizhou YuanYuanzhi Aquatic Breeding Company,Zhanjiang 524200,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东省南海经济无脊椎动物健康养殖工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524088 [2]湛江银浪海洋生物技术有限公司,广东湛江524000 [3]雷州市源源至水产种苗繁育有限公司,广东湛江524200

出　　处：《水产科学》2018年第4期505-511,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省南海经济无脊椎动物健康养殖工程技术研究中心项目; 广东海洋大学南海重要底栖贝类产业化养殖及推广项目(GDOU2013050326)

摘　　要：利用10对EST-SSR分子标记研究红、白、黑、黄4种壳色马氏珠母贝F8代人工选育群体的遗传多样性。结果显示,10个位点共扩增出46个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数为2~7。红、黑、白、黄4种壳色群体的平均等位基因数分别为4.0、3.7、3.6、3.5;平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.445~0.627和0.479~0.580;Shannon多样性指数为0.850~1.042;平均多态信息含量为0.423~0.509。黄壳色群体中各遗传参数值最小,而红壳色群体中除有效等位基因数外,其余参数(等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量、Shannon多样性指数)值均最大。40个群体—位点组合中有31个组合显著偏离平衡(P<0.05),占总位点的77.5%。群体间的遗传分化指数为0.0101~0.3025,平均值为0.1206(0.05<遗传分化指数<0.15),处于中等程度分化,这与课题组8年定向选育有关。群体间的基因流值为0.5764~24.5841,平均值为1.8225。红壳色群体和黑壳色群体的遗传相似系数最大(0.8418),遗传距离最小(0.1722),最先聚为一类;白壳色群体和黄壳色群体的遗传相似系数最小(0.7107),遗传距离最大(0.3415)。经8代群体继代选育,4种壳色马氏珠母贝群体仍保持着较高的遗传多样性,其中红壳色群体的遗传多样性最高,黄壳色群体的遗传多样性最低。Genetic diversity of selective breeding F8 of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii with four shell colors red,black,white and yellow was studied using 10 pairs of expression tag sequence microsatellite markers（EST-SSR）.Results showed that a total of 46 alleles were detected in 10 loci,with 2—7 alleles at each locus.The average allele number was 4.0 in red pearl oyster,3.7 in black one,3.6 in white one,and 3.5 in yellow one.The average observed heterozygosities and expected heterozygosities of these populations were 0.445—0.627 and 0.479—0.580,respectively,with Shannon diversity index of 0.850—1.042,and verage polymorphism information content of 0.423—0.509.The maximal observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity,Shannon diversity index and polymorphism information content were observed in the red shell-color population,and the minimal genetic parameters in the yellow population except for allele number.There were 31 combinations which were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium among the 40 population-locus cases（p〈0.05）,accounting for 77.5%in the total locus.The genetic differentiation index was ranged from 0.0101 to 0.3025,with an average of 0.1206（0.05the genetic differentiation index0.15）and the gene flow value ranged from 0.5764 to 24.541,with an average value of 1.8225.There was the maximal genetic similarity（0.8418）in the red shell and black shell color populations,and the minimal genetic similarity（0.1722）in the white shell and the yellow shell color populations.The findings indicated that the four populations had still high genetic diversity after selection,the maximal in the red shell population,and the minimal genetic diversity in the yellow shell population.

关 键 词：马氏珠母贝 人工选育 EST-SSR 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]