创新激励政策是否能提升高新区的创新效率  

Have the Innovation Incentive Policies Promoted the Innovation Efficiency of High-tech Zones

作　　者：范硕[1] 何彬[2] Fan Shuo;He Bin(School of Economics,Jilin Universit;Center for Public Sector Economy Research,Jilin Universit)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学经济学院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学中国国有经济研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2018年第7期45-55,63,共12页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"吉林老工业基地创新驱动发展与结构调整问题研究"(16AZD008);吉林省教育厅"十三五社会科学研究规划项目"(吉教科文合字[2016]第448号);吉林省教育厅"十三五社会科学研究规划项目"(吉教科文合字[2016]第444号);吉林大学"青年学术骨干支持计划"(2015FR GG06)

摘　　要：本文利用89个国家级高新区2011—2015年的省级面板数据,基于Bootstrap DEA-Meatafrontier方法计算了国家高新区的创新效率,并对创新效率指标进行全域空间相关性检验和局域空间相关性检验,最后通过空间面板Tobit模型检验国家创新激励政策是否提高了高新区创新效率。研究结果表明:第一,财政补贴对高新区创新效率起到负作用;第二,研发活动税收激励对高新区创新效率也起到了负向激励作用;第三,对高新技术企业的直接税收减免与高新区创新效率无直接相关性。针对上述情况,在实施创新激励政策上应该改善支持方式,并逐渐完善支持机制。This paper uses provincial panel data of 89 state-level high-tech zones in 2011—2015,calculates the innovation efficiency of the national high-tech zones by the Bootstrap DEA-Meatafrontier method. Then the innovation efficiency index is tested by the global spatial correlation and the local spatial correlation test. Finally,the Tobit model is used to test whether the national innovation incentive policies could improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech zones. The results show that： First,China＇ s financial subsidies play a negative role in the innovation efficiency of high-tech zones. The reason may be that the financial support system is not smooth,leading to financial subsidies mostly into the＂system trap＂. Besides the high proportion of free subsidy and the lack of supervision afterwards are also important reasons. Second,tax incentives for RD activities play a negative incentive role in the innovation efficiency of hightech zones,showing that the lack of different design in tax incentives of science and technology enterprises in China changes the composition of capital investment in innovation activities because of the driving of short-term interests,and then distorts the effective allocationof scientific and technological resources. Third,the direct tax relief of high-tech enterprises is not related to the innovation efficiency of high-tech zones. It is due to the existence of certain irrationality in the identification of high-tech enterprises,but also due to the lack of evaluation and tracking mechanism,resulting in a large number of enterprises fraud and serious moral hazard. China should improve its support mode and gradually improve its support mechanism.

关 键 词：创新激励 高新区 创新效率 动态空间面板模型 

分 类 号：F276.44[经济管理—企业管理]