应用引力梯度测量的火星中低轨道航天器自主导航  

Autonomous Navigation for Middle and Low Orbit Mars Spacecraft Based on Gravity Gradient Measurement

作　　者：陈培[1] 韩锦飞 赖玉敏 孙秀聪 谭龙玉 CHEN Pei1, HAN Jinfei1, LAI Yumin1, SUN Xiucong1, TAN Longyu2,3(1 Aerospace of Engineering Institute, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China）（2 Shanghai Institute of Spaceflight Control Technology, Shanghai 201109, China）（3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control Technology, Shanghai 201109, China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191 [2]上海航天控制研究所,上海201109 [3]上海空间智能控制技术重点实验室,上海201109

出　　处：《航天器工程》2018年第3期17-23,共7页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB845303);上海航天科技创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：针对目前行星附近(行星周围中低轨道高度)的自主导航手段有限,且主要依赖地面设备的支持,导航自主性和实时性比较差,精度不高,无法满足未来探测任务的需求的问题,文章提出了使用引力梯度这种天体本身的物理信息对近地行星附近的航天器进行导航的方法。并以火星附近的导航为算例,采用了全新的120阶火星引力场模型计算引力梯度;使用特征值分解法从引力梯度张量矩阵中提取位置信息,并使用非线性迭代方法解算出高阶引力场模型下的精确位置;最后得出在300km火星轨道上,100mE和10mE噪声水平下,三维导航精度分别可以达到300m和30m以内。该导航方法完全自主,并且导航精度高,实时性好,导航结果可靠,有望应用于近地行星的探测任务。In view of such problems as the limited means of autonomous navigation near the planet （low and middle spacecraft orbit）, and mainly relying on the support of ground equipment, the poor performarce and accuracy of the navigation autonomy and real-time performance, which can not meet the needs of the future exploration task, the paper represents a spacecraft navigation method based on gravity gradient, which is a physical feature of a planet. Taking the near-Mars navigation as an example, a new 120 order Mars gravity field model is used to calculate the gravi-ty gradient, and then the eigen-decomposition method is used to extract the raw position from the gravity gradient tensor. And then the non-linear iterative method is used the calculate the precise position. Finally, in the Mars orbit of 300km high, with the measurement noise of lOOmE and lOmE, the 3D position error is respectively under 300m and 30m. This method is totally autono-mous, precise and stable, and can be generally used in the near-earth planet navigation tasks.

关 键 词：行星中低轨道 自主导航 引力梯度 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]