耳石形态在长江口小黄鱼生活史研究及群体识别中的应用  

The Application of Otolith Morphology in Life History and Group Recognition of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)in the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：方聪[1,2,3] 郭治明 线薇微[2,4] 陈明茹[1] 杨圣云 FANG Cong1,2,4,GUO Zhi-Ming1,XIAN Wei-Wei2,3,CHEN Ming-Ru1,YANG Sheng-Yun1(1. College of Ocean Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology ＆ Environmental Sciences, CAS,Qingdao 266072,China; 3. Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; 4. Zhejiang Huanke Environment Consultancy Co. ,Ltd. , Hangzhou 311121, Chin)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266072 [3]浙江环科环境咨询有限公司,浙江杭州311121 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第8期57-67,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1406404);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31272663;41176138);国务院三峡工程建设委员会项目(JJ 2012-2013)资助~~

摘　　要：本研究以长江口春(5月)、秋(11月)两季的小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis))耳石为研究对象,将10个耳石度量指标与鱼体体长、体质量进行函数关系拟合,并分析耳石绝对尺寸和相对尺寸与鱼体体长的关系;同时利用主成分分析法(PCA)得到耳石圆度(I2)和Feret比(I9)可以代表10个耳石形态指标,用于解析小黄鱼耳石形态特征,并结合耳石绝对尺寸和耳石相对尺寸探讨耳石形态与小黄鱼特殊生活阶段的关系。另一方面,利用形态指标法(Shape index)及傅里叶分析法(Fourier analysis)探讨了小黄鱼耳石形态在不同季节生态群体中的识别应用。结果表明,幂函数拟合耳石度量指标与鱼体体长、体质量效果最佳,耳石长轴(耳石最大半径、耳石长、耳石最大Feret径长)与体长、体质量的关系拟合效果较短轴(耳石最小半径、耳石宽、耳石最小Feret径长)更佳,且在耳石相对尺寸中,长轴的变化趋势相对稳定,因此在近海小黄鱼的渔业资源评估中,利用耳长轴来推算鱼体体长及体质量更为合理;同时发现,在体长为110和160mm时,耳石圆度(I2)分别出现减小速率变缓的拐点,Feret比(I9)分别出现增大速率变缓的拐点,且耳石绝对厚度和耳石相对厚度也在体长110~170mm时出现大幅变化,这与小黄鱼的性成熟体长(108mm)及生长速率变缓的拐点体长(169.2mm)接近,推测耳石形态可有效地记录了小黄鱼性成熟时期及各生长阶段的变化。在群体识别方面,单用耳石形态指标得到的判别成功率为85.4%和81.7%,信息有效占比60.0%,单用傅里叶分析值得到的判别成功率为84.8%和85.2%,信息有效占比36.4%,结合两种指标得到的判别成功率为92.7%和91.3%,表明利用多种耳石形态指标可提高群体识别成功率,而耳石形态指数可更有效地提取耳石信息;耳石形态在春秋两季生态群体中有较高的识别率,个体耳石形态差异较大,本研究认为这与长江口不同�This research took the otoliths of small yellow croaker（Larimichthys polyactis）sampling from the Yangtze River Estuary at two seasons（spring and autumn）as the object.We proceeded the correlation analysis between ten otolith measurement indexes and standard length、body weight respectively and analyzed the relationship between otolith relative size、absolute size and standard length respectively.Meanwhile,we selected the roundness（I2）and the Feret ratio（I9）of otoliths which represent ten otolith shape indexes by the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）to analyze the characteristics of otoliths,and then discussed the relationship between otolith shape and special life history of small yellow croaker combining with the absolute size and the relative size of the otoliths;On an another side,we utilized the shape indexes and Fourier analysis to study the role of otoliths in group identifying.The result showed that the power functional equation was the most suitable one to describe the relationship between the otolith measurement indexes and standard length、body weight respectively.Because the fitting effect of the length axis data of otolith（maximum radius,length,maximum Feret）is better than the height axis data of otolith（minimum radius,height,minimum Feret）and the variation trend of the height axis data of otolith relative size is more stable,it is reasonable to infer the growth conditions by using height axis data in the following fisheries resource study.At the same time,The roundness（I2）of otoliths appeared two inflection points of droping and Feret ration（I9）of otoliths appeared two inflection points of rising when the body length was 110 mm and 160 mm,and the relative thickness and absolute thickness of otoliths changed substantially between 110 mm and 170 mm,which was corresponding to the first maturity size（108 mm）and the inflection point of slow growth rate（169.2 mm）,respectively.Therefore,otoliths may record the phase of sexual maturity and the growth change at ev

关 键 词：小黄鱼 长江口 耳石形态 生活史 生态群体识别 

分 类 号：Q145.1[生物学—生态学]