低盐虾塘浮游生物群落及摄食研究  

Study on Plankton Community Structure and Microzooplankton Grazing in Low Salinity Shrimp Pond

作　　者：曾祥波[1,2] 黄永春[1] ZENG Xiangbo;HUANG Yongchun(Fisheries College Jimei University,Xiamen,361021 China;Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry Ministry of Education,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [2]鳗鲡现代产业技术教育部工程研究中心,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《集美大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期99-104,共6页Journal of Jimei University：Natural Science

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2015J01617);集美大学李尚大基金项目(ZC2011009);鳗鲡现代产业技术教育部工程研究中心开放基金(B16157)

摘　　要：2017年5月5日,于福建厦门杏林浦林村对4口处于不同养殖阶段的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)低盐虾塘进行了浮游生物群落调查,并运用"稀释法"研究了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力。结果表明,在养殖过程中,浮游植物群落从以绿藻和硅藻为主,逐渐转变为以丝状蓝藻为主的类型,绿藻优势种主要有二形栅藻(Scenedesmu dimorphus)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)和纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus spp.),蓝藻优势种主要为伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)、鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya sp.)、弱细颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)和微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)。微型浮游动物主要为原生动物和轮虫,其中原生动物以旋急游虫(Strombidium spiralis)和单环栉毛虫(Didinium balbianii)为普遍的优势种类,轮虫主要有前额犀轮虫(Hinoglena frontalis)和壶状臂尾轮虫(Rachionus urceus)。微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率为0.55~0.85/d,浮游植物的生长率为1.42~3.16/d。微型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力为42.31%~57.26%,对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力为46.39%~59.80%,显示微型浮游动物在虾塘能量流动和物质循环方面起着重要的作用。Investigations of planktonic community and microzooplankton grazing pressure on the phytoplankton by using the in situ dilution technique were conducted in four different low salinity culture period ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei in Xinglin,Xiamen City,Fujian Province on 5 May,2017. The results showed that phytoplankton community developed from Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated community to filiform Cyanophyta dominated community. The dominant species of Chlorophyta included Scenedesmu dimorphus、Oocystis borgei and Ankistrodesmus spp. The dominant species of Cyanophyta included Pseudanabaena sp. 、Planktolyngbya sp. 、Oscillatoria tenuis and Merismopedia tenuissima. Microzooplankton was mainly composed of Protozoa and Rotiferia,the common species of Protozoa were Strombidium spiralis and Didinium balbianii; the main dominant species of Rotiferia were Rhinoglena frontalis and Rachionus urceus. Microzooplankton grazing rates changed from 0. 55/d to 0. 85/d,Phytoplankton growth rates were 1. 42/d to 3. 16/d. Microzooplankton grazingpressure on the phytoplankton initial stock and primary production varied from 42. 31% to 57. 26% and46. 39% to 59. 80%,respectively. These results showed that microzooplankton played an important role in energy transmission and nutrients regeneration in the shrimp ponds.

关 键 词：低盐虾塘 浮游生物 群落结构 微型浮游动物 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖]