解密徽派建筑——徽州传统人居建设给我们的启示  

Decoding the Mystery of Huizhou Architectures and the Hints from the Traditional Dwellings of Huizhou

作　　者：刘伯山[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学徽学研究中心

出　　处：《地域文化研究》2018年第4期41-48,154,共8页

摘　　要：徽派建筑是历史上徽州人的一种人居建筑形式以及由这种建筑而构成的人居环境和空间,其形成最初是由徽州山多地少的自然条件、中原移民、宗族聚居、明代后徽州社会的高移民输出等因素决定的。在徽州村落的形成上,要点有五,即重选址、有整体规划、注重村的水系设计和营造、有"水口"、重公共空间的存在。在具体的徽派建筑设计上,基本原则有二,即空间上的"就地而型"和扩张上的"自然裂分";基本理念是北方平原的四合院建筑形式与江南山区的干栏式建筑形式的内在结合;具体要求是注重防潮、防火、防偷盗、通达等。因此,实用性、安全性和灵活性是徽派建筑的本质特征。徽州建筑是中国传统民居建筑中的宝贵遗产,也是古代徽州人对中华民族文明发展的一大贡献,其在当下仍有极大的传承价值,对我们的美丽乡村规划与建设来说都具有重要的启示意义。Huizhou architecture refers to a dwelling mode invented by Huizhou people as well as the environment and space around this kind of buildings, which was formed and decided originally by the mountainous natural environment, the immigrants from China Proper, the compact inhabits of clans and the large amount of emigrants abroad after Ming Dynasty.There are five key points in the formation of Huizhou villages, emphasizing the site selection, the integrated planning, regarding the water drainage system with "water mouth", paying attention to the public space. In the designation of Huizhou architecture, there are two principles, one is "dependent on the terrian" in the space, the other is the "natural discrepancies" in the expansion. The basic ideology is the integration of the quadrangle dwellings in the northern plain and the stilt architecture style,which requires the prevention from damp, fire, thief, and with accessibility. The principal characteristics of Hui architecture are practicablity, security, and flexibility. In general, Huizhou architecture is the cherished heritage of Chinese traditional architectures, is also the great contribution of Hui People to Chinese national civilization, which provides the important enlightenment for our designation of Beautiful Village Plan.

关 键 词：徽派建筑 徽州人 启示 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学]