司法确认程序的功能诠释  

Function Interpretation of the Judicial Confirmation Procedure

作　　者：刘加良[1] Liu Jia-liang(Law School of Shandong University,Qingdao Shandong 26623)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《政法论丛》2018年第4期60-71,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"人民调解协议司法确认程序研究"(12CFX049)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：人民调解能否妥当地化解民间纠纷,很大程度上决定着基层善治水平的高低。人民调解的历史业绩使其成为中国社会治理的有效资源。基于彻底性、一次性解决原纠纷的理念,《人民调解法》剥夺了当事人针对人民调解协议的起诉权,作为赋予人民调解协议以间接执行力的关键机制,司法确认程序成为人民调解复兴的希望所在。经由司法确认程序来降低民事纠纷成案率的正当性来源于纠纷分流的正当性,而纠纷分流的正当性来源于对当事人意愿的尊重。人民调解的工作范围越接近于民事诉讼的受案范围,司法确认程序对民事纠纷成案率的降低越能取得大规模效应。行政调解的制度化长期高度依赖规章,既有规章唯司法文件和司法解释马首是瞻,关于针对民事纠纷的行政调解协议之效力与司法确认的规则设计未能体现出独立品格;将来相关规则的构建,没有必要和可能另起炉灶。司法确认程序是基层人民法院对人民调解进行业务指导的主要载体,法院在该程序中须在支持和监督两端之间找到平衡点,偏向任何一端的举动都会削弱人民调解在基层治理中的制度优势。Good governance at the basic level to a great extent depends on whether people＇s mediation can solve civil disputes properly. People＇s mediation has become an effective governance resource in Chinese society due to its historical performance. Based on the idea of solving original disputes thoroughly once and for all,People＇s Mediation Law deprives the parties of the right of action against people＇s mediation agreements. The judicial confirmation procedure,as a key mechanism which endows people＇s mediation agreements with indirect executive ability,has become the hope of the renaissance of people＇s mediation. The legitimacy of reducing the ratio of civil cases to civil disputes by the judicial confirmation procedure is originated from the justification of the diversion of disputes resolution,which comes from the respect for the intent of parties. The more scope of working range of people＇s mediation accepting cases overlapped,the more scale effects of judicial confirmation procedure in reducing the rate of established civil cases will be achieved. The institutionalization of administrative mediation has been relying heavily on regulations for a long time,while existing regulations put too much emphasis on judicial documents and judicial interpretations. The design of rules concerning of the legal effect of administrative mediation agreements based on civil disputes and judicial confirmation failed to embody independent character. Reinventing the wheel to establish correlation rules for the future is either necessary or possible. As the main carrier of the professional guidance of basic-level people＇s courts on people＇s mediation,the judicial confirmation procedure needs to achieve a balance between support and supervision through courts＇ efforts. Any act taking sides would weaken the institutional advantage of people＇s mediation in grassroots governance.

关 键 词：司法确认程序 人民调解 行政调解 基层治理 

分 类 号：DF728[政治法律—诉讼法学]