加工中心高速电主轴综合精度分析  

Accuracy of an electric spindle

作　　者：王立平[1] 赵钦志 张彬彬[1] WANG Liping;ZHAO Qinzhi;ZHANG Binbin(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;China National Machine Tool Quality Supervision Testing Center, Beijing 100102, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084 [2]国家机床质量监督检验中心,北京100102

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第8期746-751,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX04004004,2017ZX04002001)

摘　　要：高速电主轴作为加工中心的核心部件,直接影响加工中心的加工精度和工件的表面质量和粗糙度。该文以应用在加工中心上的高速电主轴为研究对象,对电主轴的径向精度、回转倾角、轴向精度进行了分析。基于最小二乘圆近似算法,对电主轴的径向误差运动进行了建模,设计了一种电主轴径向回转精度快速评价方法,建立了倾斜误差运动模型,并给出了电主轴回转轴倾斜角度的计算方法;基于时域和频域信号分析方法,对电主轴轴向运动特征值进行了提取,从而实现电主轴轴向精度的评价。将该综合精度分析方法应用在一种加工中心的高速电主轴上,结果表明：电主轴的径向误差和轴向误差随着转速的升高,先保持不变再升高,回转轴线倾斜角度误差随着转速的升高基本保持不变。该方法可应用在电主轴性能检测和精度衰退试验中。An electric spindle,as the core of a CNC machine center,directly affects the accuracy of the CNC machining center.This paper describes a method to evaluate electric spindle accuracy by analyzing the spindle radial,tilt and axial motion errors.A radial error model of the electric spindle is then developed from the least squares circle.A rapid evaluation method of the radial accuracy uses a least squares circle approximation algorithm.The radial error is then used to calculate the tilt error and the tilt angle of the spindle rotation axis.Time and frequency domain signal analyses are used to extract the eigenvalues of the axial error to evaluate the axial positioning accuracy of the spindle.This comprehensive accuracy analysis method was applied to a high-speed electric spindle with the results showing that with as the rotational speed increased,the radial error increased while the tilt error and the axial error remained constant.This accuracy analysis method can be applied to analyzed the performance and accuracy degradation of spindles.

关 键 词：电主轴 径向误差运动 倾斜误差运动 轴向误差运动 最小二乘圆 

分 类 号：TH161.21[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]