论既判力之禁止重复起诉效果  

Prohibition of Repeated Suits of Res Judicata

作　　者：郑涛[1] Zheng Tao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2018年第3期126-136,共11页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"民法典制定背景下程序法与实体法融合机制研究"(项目编号:17YJA820017)的资助

摘　　要：罗马法诉权消耗理念下的一事不再理制度孕育出既判力理论。近来,禁止重复起诉制度曾被既判力理论所替代,并具体化为既判力的消极效果。尽管存在着效用、范围上的差异性,但既判力与禁止重复起诉之间的制度关联性较强,且前者通过客观范围、主观范围和基准时等形塑着实践中重复起诉行为的认定标准。借鉴自英美法系的争点效理论,在纠纷复杂化背景下成为大陆法系既判力客观范围扩张的重要依据,导致禁止重复起诉扩大化的发展趋势。人事诉讼中诉讼请求和当事人的特殊性,不仅影响诉讼标的理论的选取,更使得既判力突破相对性原则,在禁止重复起诉效果上扩及当事人之外的主体。未来我国民事诉讼法的发展、解释中,禁止重复起诉制度的完善必须基于传统既判力理论的指引,以弥补既有规则的不足。With the idea of dissipation of the right to action in roman law, the res judicata was nurtured by the prohibition of repeated suits. Recently, the prohibition of repeated suits had been replaced by the negative effect of res judicata. Although there were differences in utility between the res judicata and the prohibition of repeated suits, both of them were very similar in the objective scope, the subjective range, and the time frame. The theory of the issue preclusion validity which was imported from Anglo-American legal system became a theoretical basis of the objective range expansion of res judicata in the background of complex hybrids. And the theory of the issue preclusion validity led to the trend of enlargement of the prohibition of repeated suits. Due to the special characteristics of claim and litigant, the choice of the object and the ＂Doctrine of Relativity of Res Judicata＂ were affected in domestic proceeding. The effect of the prohibition of repeated suits also influenced the subject outside the party. In order to make up the shortcomings of the existing rules, we should use the theory of res judicata as reference to improve the system in the future.

关 键 词：禁止重复起诉 既判力 争点效 人事诉讼 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]