氮肥基追比对测墒补灌小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响  

Effect of Basal-Topdressing Nitrogen Ratio on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Irrigated Wheat

作　　者：张振[1] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 石玉[1] ZHANG Zhen;YU Zhenwen;ZHANG Yongii;SHI Yu(Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai＇ an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第8期957-962,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM34);国家自然科学基金项目(31771717)

摘　　要：为明确氮肥基追比对测墒补灌小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的调控效应,以济麦22为材料,在总施氮量为240kg·hm^(-2)条件下,设置0∶10(N_1)、3∶7(N_2)、5∶5(N_3)、7∶3(N_4)、10∶0(N_5)5个氮肥基追比,研究了氮肥基追比对测墒补灌小麦耗水特性和干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,N_3处理显著提高了160~200cm土层土壤贮水消耗量、灌水量及降水量占总耗水量的比例和开花后耗水量;降低了总耗水量、土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例和开花前耗水量。N_3处理比N_1、N_2、N_4和N_5处理开花至成熟期干物质积累强度分别高20.97%、8.61%、10.37%、23.81%,成熟期植株总干物质积累量和干物质在籽粒中的分配量分别高9.92%、5.39%、7.75%、12.73%和11.57%、5.29%、5.75%、16.19%。N_3处理的水分利用效率、土壤水利用效率和降水利用效率均最大,分别为18.88、62.65和37.07kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1);灌水利用效率较高。综合考虑小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量,在本试验条件下,氮肥基追比为5∶5最优。To clarify the regulatory effect of the basal-topdressing nitrogen ratio on the grain yield and water consumption of irrigated wheat,we studied the effect of various ratios on water consumption characteristics,dry matter accumulation,grain yield and its distribution.We treated the cultivar Jimai22 with five nitrogen fertilizer basal-topdressing ratios：0∶10（N1）,3∶7（N2）,5∶5（N3）,7∶3（N4）and 10∶0（N5）at the N application rate of 240 kg·hm-2.The ratio of water consumption from the soil,precipitation and irrigation to total water consumption in the soil layer,160-200 cm deepth,was significantly higher under the N3 treatment than that under other treatments.Soil water consumption,total water consumption and the proportion of total water consumption were significantly lower under the N3 treatment than those under other treatments.Treatment N3 had higher average accumulation between anthesis and maturity,which is 20.97%,8.61%,10.37%and 23.81% higher than that under treatments N1,N2,N4 and N5,respectively.Total dry matter accumulation was higher under treatment N3 than that under treatments N1,N2,N4 and N5 by 9.92%,5.39%,7.75%and 12.73%,respectively,whereas kernel distribution of mature plants was higher by 11.57%,5.29%,5.75% and 16.19%,respectively.Total water use efficiency,soil water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency under the N3 treatment were 18.88 kg·hm-2·mm-1,62.65 kg·hm-2·mm-1 and 37.07 kg·hm-2·mm-1.The correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was positively correlated with the water consumption after anthesis,and the water consumption before anthesis was negatively correlated with the water consumption after anthesis.Taking the water consumption,accumulation of dry matter and grain yield of wheat into account,a 5∶5 ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing was the optimal treatment under the test conditions.

关 键 词：测墒补灌 氮肥基追比 耗水特性 水分利用效率 干物质积累量 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311