积极情绪反馈对注意捕获影响的实验研究  

The Effect of Positive Emotional Feedback on Attentional Capture

作　　者：厉飞飞 吕勇[1] 房佳琪[2] Li Feifei;Lv Yong;Fang Jiaqi(Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300074;Jiangsu Key Constructive Laboratory for Big Data of Psychology and Cognitive Science,School of Education and science,Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng,224002)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074 [2]江苏省心理与认知科学大数据重点建设实验室盐城师范学院教育科学学院,盐城224002

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第4期789-795,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(2016SJB190013)的资助

摘　　要：目的:研究采用学习-测试范式,通过3个实验探讨积极情绪反馈对注意捕获的影响。方法:实验1,在学习阶段做出反应后,分别给予积极情绪和中性情绪反馈,探讨积极情绪和中性情绪捕获注意的情况;实验2,学习阶段做出反应后,没有任何情绪反馈;实验3,改变学习阶段积极情绪和中性情绪反馈图片出现的频率,探讨图片出现频率对注意捕获的影响。结果:(1)与中性情绪相比,积极情绪捕获了较多注意(实验1);(2)无情绪反馈时,经过多次练习的刺激作为干扰刺激也捕获到了注意(实验2);(3)积极情绪影响刺激注意优先性的过程还受到积极情绪图片出现频率的影响(实验3)。结论:积极情绪捕获注意机制中,也有自上而下目标驱动的注意选择机制在起作用;情绪图片出现的频次也会影响积极情绪对注意的捕获。Purposes： the Learning-Test paradigm is used to explore the impact of positive emotions on attention capturing by 3 experiments. Attention, as an internal psychological state, is an important psychological factor for people to complete various intellectual tasks and perform practical tasks. In the external environment, a large amount of information is processed by individuals every day, but the ability of the brain to process information is limited. Attention selects stimuli for cognitive processing, and the mechanisms that underlie the process of attentional selection have been a major topic of psychological research for over 30 years. It has been well documented that attentional selection can proceed both voluntarily, driven by visual search goals, and involuntarily, driven by the physical salience of stimuli.In 2013, Anderson provided a conceptual framework for attentional control that emphasized the need for stimulus selection to promote the survival and wellbeing of an organism. Anderson argued that although goal-driven and salience-driven mechanisms of attentional selection fitted this framework, a missing central component was a mechanism of attentional selection that was uniquely driven by learned associations between stimuli and rewards. He thought that reward learning modifies the attentional priority of stimuli, allowing them to compete more effectively for selection even in case of non-salient and task-irrelevant situations. Anderson, Liuli used the learning-test paradigm to prove the role of money reward in capturing attention. Their studies showed that reward learning was flexible, because not only the money reward could predict the value of priority, but also social emotional could show a high priority attention.Procedure and method： experiment 1, at the learning phase, subjects were asked to react to the direction of the line in red or green circles. Then they were given a positive or neutral emotional feedback to establish a connection between the color of circles and the emotions. At the tes

关 键 词：情绪反馈 强化 注意捕获 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]