选择性注意在人工语法学习中的作用——回应Eitam,Schul和Hassin(2009)中的两点疑问  

Role of Selective Attention in Artificial Grammar Learning: Response to Two Questions in Eitam, Schul, and Hassin(2009)

作　　者：郭成 杨海波 郑纯丽 吴翠萍 陈小艺 Guo Cheng;Yang Haibo;Zheng Chunli;Wu Cuiping;Chen Xiaoyi(School of Education Science,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou,36300)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学教育科学学院,漳州363000

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第4期803-808,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划项目(FJ2016B136);福建省自然科学基金项目(2017J01641)的资助

摘　　要：从语法规则复杂性(复杂语法vs.简单语法)的角度考察选择性注意在人工语法学习中的必要性,并且比较两种非法序列下的成绩差异来检验被忽视的语法规则是否能被习得。结果表明,纵使被注意的是简单语法,被忽视的语法也未被成功习得,只有前者才能被习得;两种非法序列下的正确率无显著差异,非法序列b所遵循的被忽视的语法未能在分类判断中起作用。选择性注意是语法规则被习得的关键。Many recent studies showed that selective attention was indispensable in artificial grammar learning（Eitam et al., 2013; Tanaka, Kiyokawa, Yamada, Dienes, Shigemasu, 2008）. Nevertheless, Eitam et al.（2009） pointed out that there were two thoughtful questions. Firstly, due to the complexity of artificial grammar, the learning of selected grammar might exhaust cognitive resource with the result that ignored grammar had little resource to be learned. Secondly, the ignored grammar might be learnt without being detected in the test phase. Therefore, we designed the complexity of artificial grammar（complex grammar A B vs. simple grammar C D） and the types of illegal sequences（illegal sequence a vs. illegal sequence b） to examine both possibilities above.Sequences of inner color and of outer color with different grammars are presented simultaneously. Two groups of participants are instructed to only memorize the sequences of outer color with grammar A and grammar C, respectively; Whereas the other participants are instructed to memorize the sequences of inner color with grammar B and grammar D respectively. That means each group of participants needs to pay attention to the inner（outer） color of each sequence, and then indicate the color of the inner（outer）-color block that immediately precedes the last stimulus using the response color matrix. All participants are randomly and successively tested on the grammar underlying the selected and the neglected training sequences. They are asked to categorize each sequence which may come from 10 novel legal sequences, 10 illegal sequences a and 10 illegal sequences b as grammatical or not. Results showed that there was a significant Attention Direction × Complexity of Grammar interaction, F（1, 54） = 10.74, p .05, η^2 =.17. Participants who were tested on selected grammar showed significant difference on correct rate between simple grammar（.64 ±.14） and complex grammar（.56 ±.10）, F（1,54） = 6.98, p 〈.05. While testing the ignored gram

关 键 词：语法复杂性 选择性注意 人工语法学习 内隐学习 双人工语法 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]