超越“人际影响”:米尔斯的迪凯特研究与传播想像  

More than Personal Influence:C.Wright Mills's Decatur Study and His Ideas on Communication

作　　者：秦艺丹 QIN Yidan

机构地区：[1]暨南大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2018年第8期76-97,共22页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：迪凯特研究并非拉扎斯菲尔德偶然的知识生产,而是一项范式下的解谜活动。作为迪凯特调查早期的研究主管,米尔斯由于不符合拉扎斯菲尔德的范式承诺与知识目标而被半路解雇。米尔斯与拉扎斯菲尔德这段并不愉快的传播研究"往事"产生了两个意外结果。首先,源于此次亲身合作,米尔斯在《社会学的想象力》中将拉扎斯菲尔德的传播研究知识判定为"贫乏的",并着重从学理层面对这一判断进行了论证。其次,米尔斯将迪凯特调查的经验材料运用到了《权力精英》等著作中,并形成了与《人际影响》截然不同的传播想象。从迪凯特调查重新出发,文章认为米尔斯所说的方法论的抑制正是拉扎斯菲尔德等无法完成概化知识生产的根源;超越《人际影响》,米尔斯为大众传播研究提供了一条历史-比较的研究路径,大众传播时代的民主建构问题成为其传播想象的核心。Decatur Study is basically a puzzle-solving activity under Lazarsfeld＇s communication research paradigm. Due to this reason, C. Wright Mills, the research manager of Decatur Study, was fired because he did not satisfy Lazarsfeld＇s paradigm promises and knowledge production goals. This unsuccessful cooperation experience has generated two unintended consequences. Basing on this experience, Mills judged Lazarsfeld＇s communication research as trivial and offered a very insightful explanation of this conclusion in his well known book The Sociological Imagination; Using the empirical materials of Decatur Study, Mills developed his own ideas on communication in Power Elite which are very different from Personal Influence. Restarting from the Decatur Study, this paper claims that methodological inhibition is a main reason for the dominant paradigm＇s failure of constructing generalized knowledge; Surpassing Personal Influence, Mills offered a comparative-historical mass communication research approach with the construction of democracy in the mass communication era as its focus.

关 键 词：米尔斯 方法论的抑制 权力精英 文化机器 公共领域 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]