集体永佃制:理论基础、制度内涵与实现途径  

Collective Tenancy System:theoretical basis,Institutional Connotation and the Ways to Achieve

作　　者：王艳西 WANG Yanxi(School of Economics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学经济学院,成都610065

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期9-17,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY089);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2012017yjsy127)

摘　　要：在"效率"和"公平"相互作用下,我国农村土地制度依次经历了"农民私有""共有共用"和"共有私用"三个阶段。但以家庭联产承包责任制为主要内容的"共有私用"导致农民集体的占有权、使用权、收益权和处分权无法有效实现,同时也制约了农村土地利用效率的提高。在追求"效率"过程中,"共有私用"已事实上演变为"按份共有"。但"按份共有"与集体所有制法理上存在冲突。为平衡这一冲突并贯彻落实"承包关系稳定并长久不变"基本政策精神,我们提出应实行集体永佃制:集体经济组织享有土地集体所有权,现有的农户承包权和土地经营权合并为永佃权;通过集体收益的二次分配实现"公平",而土地经营权的市场化流转则有利于实现"效率"。为更好实现集体所有权,应逐渐构建农民集体成员市场化进出机制以及兼顾集体经济发展与农民财产性收益增加的收益分配机制,还要积极探索集体永佃制下以股份制为基础、以集体经济组织为主体的土地经营模式:农户土地托管制、土地股份合作制、土地混合股份制以及农户土地回购制。Under the interaction of ＂efficiency＂ and ＂justice＂,China＇s rural land system has successively experienced three stages：＂peasant private ownership＂,＂co-ownership and joint use＂and ＂co-ownership and private use＂.But＂co-ownership and private use＂,of which the main content is the household contract responsibility system,leads to invalid implementation of peasant collective possession,use,usufruct and disposition,and also restricts the rural land use efficiency.In the pursuit of＂efficiency＂,＂co-ownership and private use＂has become＂common ownership by shares＂.However,there is a conflict between＂common ownership by shares＂and collective ownership in the legal meaning.To balance the conflict and to implement the basic spirit of＂contracting relations stable and unchanged for a long time＂,we should implement collective tenancy system：collective economic organizations shall enjoy the collective land ownership,the existing farmers＇ right to contract and the management right of land should be merged into the right of permanent tenancy;＂justice＂is realized through the secondary distribution of collective income,while market-oriented transfer of land management rights is conducive to＂efficiency＂.For a better realization of collective ownership,we should gradually build a farmers＇ collective members market access mechanism and collective income distribution mechanism based on the collective economy development and the increase of farmers＇ property income,and actively explore the land management model based on the shareholding system and the collective economic organization：farmers land trusteeship,the land joint stock cooperative system,land mix shareholding system and farmers land repurchase system.

关 键 词：农村土地集体所有权 按份共有 集体永佃制 股份制 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]