后稷与先农:秦汉时期国家祭典中的农神内涵及其历史变迁  

Houji and Xiannong:Connotations of God of Agriculture in National Ceremonies and Its Historical Evolution in Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：张俊杰[1] ZHANG J unjie(College of Art,Northwest University,Xi＇an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学艺术学院,西安710069

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期155-160,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18CZS011);陕西省教育厅科研项目(17JK0736)

摘　　要：后稷与先农是中国古代最重要的农神,国家祭典中的农神转变发生在秦汉时期。先秦时期以"后稷"为农神,象征周人的文化远祖,是早期自然崇拜向祖先崇拜转化的结果,目的在于宣示周族王权的正统地位。"先农"本为战国时期的民间农神,为因应"大一统"宗教秩序的诉求,"先农"逐渐与神农、炎帝等古史传说相结合,经过"阴阳五行""五德终始"等思想的改造,其地位不断上升,最终成为"大一统"帝制时代国家祀典的农神代表。Houji and Xiannong are the most important agricultural God in ancient China.Some change occurred in the national ceremonies in Qin and Han dynasties.In the pre Qin period,＂Houji＂,as the cultural symbol of Saturnalia and Zhou ancestor,is the early natural worship transformation results to the ancestors,declaring the orthodox position of Zhou clan of kingship.＂Xiannong＂is a folk Saturnalia in the Warring States period.Due to the＂unified＂religious order demands,＂Xiannong＂gradually merged with ancient legends of Shennong and Emperor Yan,etc.With the combination of the＂Yin Yang＂and the five elements of＂Five Virtues＂and other ideological transformation,its status is rising,eventually become a＂universal＂representative of the national sacrifice in imperial era.

关 键 词：国家祀典 农神 秦汉时期 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济] K232[历史地理—历史学]