沼渣沼液农用安全风险  

The safe analysis of biogas residue and slurry in agricultural application

作　　者：涂成 闫湘[1] 李秀英[1] 王曼如 TU Cheng;YAN Xiang;LI Xiu-ying;WANG Man-ru(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第4期8-13,27,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：随着沼渣沼液的广泛使用,其农用安全风险应引起足够重视。文章主要概述了国内外沼渣沼液农用过程中存在的问题:沼液沼渣中营养成分不稳定,无法保证其产品质量,其大量元素、有机质含量均无法达到肥料相关标准要求;重金属超标,尤其是As超标,其最高含量达52.5 mg/kg;Cu、Zn含量高,危害农作物及农田安全,国内有机肥料标准并未对其限量;残留的抗生素导致抗性基因的污染等。此外,沼渣沼液中激素含量及致病源微生物少有探索,亟需进一步研究。最后,对控制沼渣沼液农用安全风险提出了一些建议,并对以后的研究方向进行了展望。As biogas residue and slurry have been widely used in agriculture,the security risks should be seriously considered. We reviewed the problems of biogas residue and slurry in agricultural application as fertilizer. The instability of nutritional components directly affects the quality of biogas residue and slurry as fertilizer,and the content of major elements and organic matters in biogas residue and slurry is below the legal limit. The level of heavy metal,especially the arsenic（ As）,usually exceeds the standard of organic fertilizer,and the highest content of As can reach up to 52. 5 mg/kg. High concentration of copper（ Cu） and zinc（ Zn） is harmful to the crops as well as the soil environment. However,the current organic fertilizer standards do not cover the content of Cu and Zn. Furthermore,antibiotic residues in biogas residue and slurry continuously contribute to the pollution of antibiotic resistant genes（ ARGs） in the environment. In addition,few studies have been conducted on hormone content and pathogenic bacteria in biogas residue and slurry,and such necessary research is urgently needed in the future. Finally,some suggestions were accordingly put forward to help control or reduce the risks during the agricultural application of biogas residue and slurry,and the directions of further research were also prospected.

关 键 词：沼渣 沼液 农用 安全风险 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学] X833[农业科学—农业基础科学]