气象条件对高酸苹果若干品质因子的影响  

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Some Quality Factors of High Acidity Apple

作　　者：张磊[1,2] 张晓煜[1,2] 段晓凤[1,2] 王静[1,2] 马国飞[1,2] 金飞[1] Zhang Lei;Zhang Xiaoyu;Duan Xiaofeng;Wang Jing;Ma Guofei;Jin Fei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2018年第3期51-56,共6页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160249)资助

摘　　要：根据2011-2014年我国北方主要苹果产区7省(区) 17个市县的高酸苹果代表品种——澳洲青苹的取样资料,结合相应站点的气象资料,采用数理统计方法,研究了影响高酸苹果主要品质构成因子总酸、可溶性固形物、维生素C、出汁率的气象因子及关键时段,建立了数学关系式。结果表明,从影响要素上来看,气温、降水、日照时数和相对湿度是影响苹果品质最主要的气象因子;从影响时段上看,成熟前7、8、9月最为关键。在高酸苹果的4个品质构成因素中,总酸含量与7月日照时数、9月日照时数及7-9月气温日较差呈正相关,而与1月平均气温、7-9月空气相对湿度、4-9月降水量、7月水热系数及4-9月水热系数呈负相关;可溶性固形物含量与1月平均气温、9月空气相对湿度、5月降水量、9月降水量及9月水热系数呈正相关,而与8-9月日照时数、2月气温日较差及9月气温日较差呈负相关;维生素C含量与7月空气相对湿度、7月降水量、4月气温日较差、7月水热系数呈正相关,而与7月平均气温、9月平均气温、2月降水量及9月≥10℃有效积温呈负相关;出汁率与1月最高气温、4月日照时数及9月日照时数呈正相关,而与5月空气相对湿度、4-9月降水量、4月水热系数及4-9月水热系数呈负相关。研究结果可为高酸苹果的农业气象指标鉴定、气候区划及产业规划布局提供技术支撑。Based on the sampling data of the high acidity apple representative variety Granny Smith and the corresponding meteorological data in 17 cities and counties of 7 provinces in northern China in 20112014, the relationship between the main quality factors （total acid content, soluble solid content, vitamin C, juice rate） of high acidity apple and meteorological factors was studied. The results showed that the major meteorological factors affecting high acidity apple quality were temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and relative humidity. July, August and September are the key period of the formation of high acidity apple quality. The total acid content of Granny Smith was positively correlated with sunshine hours in July and September, daily temperature range from July to September, and was negatively correlated with average temperature in January, relative humidity from July to September, precipitation from April to September, hydrothermal coefficient in July and from July to September. Soluble solid content of Granny Smith was positively correlated with average temperature in January, relative humidity in September, precipitation in May and September and hydrothermal coefficient in September, while was negatively correlated with sunshine hours from August to September, daily temperature range in February and September. Vitamin C content of Granny Smith was positively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation in July, daily temperature range in April, hydrothermal coefficient in July, while was negatively correlated with average temperature in July and September, precipitation in February, ≥10 ℃ effective accumulative in September. Juice rate of Granny Smith was positively correlated with average maximum temperature in January, sunshine hours in April and September, while was negatively correlated with relative humidity in May, precipitation from April to September, hydrothermal coefficient in April and from April to September. The results could provide technological support for the identifi

关 键 词：气象条件 澳洲青苹 高酸苹果 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]