取食塑料的黄粉虫生命特征研究  

Life characteristics of plastic eating Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)

作　　者：许诗杰 张雅林[1] XU Shijie;ZHANG Yalin(Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management,Ministry of Education College of Plant Protection,Northwest A＆F University,Yungling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院植保资源与病虫害治理教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第7期102-108,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2011FY120200)

摘　　要：【目的】研究取食聚苯乙烯(PS)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)塑料的黄粉虫生长发育情况,为黄粉虫降解塑料的进一步研究提供理论依据。【方法】对黄粉虫在单头饲养和群体饲养条件下取食塑料的生命特征进行分析,单头饲养运用年龄-龄期两性生命表软件分析并比较相关参数,群体饲养通过设计不同饲喂方式和饲喂比例分析黄粉虫存活率和平均虫质量的变化趋势。【结果】单头饲养结果表明,12龄及以下黄粉虫幼虫仅取食PS、LLDPE无法发育至蛹期;14龄幼虫仅取食PS、LLDPE可以化蛹,但化蛹率较低,分别为23%和31%。完成发育的黄粉虫蛹质量偏低,化蛹前最后一个龄期(P_(-1))历期延长,蛹历期未受明显影响,成虫寿命缩短;产卵前期(APOP)未受到明显影响,产卵天数缩短,繁殖力下降。群体饲养结果表明,仅饲喂PS、LLDPE的黄粉虫存活率明显下降,平均虫质量则基本保持不变;当将麦麸与塑料进行混合饲喂时,黄粉虫存活率与正常饲喂麦麸组基本一致,保持较高水平,平均虫质量变化呈现规律性,麦麸所占比例越高,平均虫质量越大。【结论】黄粉虫仅取食PS、LLDPE时其发育和繁殖受到影响,通过添加麦麸可以使种群保持较高存活率。【Objective】This paper studied the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor eating polystyrene（PS）and linear low density polyethylene（LLDPE）to provide basis for further research on degrading plastics by T.molitor.【Method】The life characteristics of T.molitorin individual feeding and group feeding were analyzed.Associated parameters of individually fed T.molitor were analyzed using TWOSEXMSChart.The changing trend of survival rate and average weight of group fed T.molitor were analyzed.【Result】Individual feeding test indicated that larvae under 12 th instar could not pupate if only eating PS and LLDPE.The 14 instar larvae eating only PS and LLDPE with low pupation rates of 23% and 31%,respectively.The pupal weight of T.molitorthat completed their development was low,P_（-1） period was prolonged,pupal period was not significantly affected,and adult longevity was shortened.APOP was not significantly affected,oviposition period was shortened,and fecundity was decreased.Group feeding test indicated the final survival rates of T.molitor only eating PS and LLDPE were lowered significantly,while theaverage weight remained unchanged.When T.molitor was fed on mixture of bran and PS or LLDPE,the survival rate did not decrease.The average weight changed regularly and increased with the increase of bran ratio.【Conclusion】The development and reproduction of T.molitor only eating PS and LLDPE were affected,and the survival rate could be maintained by adding bran.

关 键 词：黄粉虫 聚苯乙烯(PS) 线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE) 生命特征 年龄-龄期两性生命表 

分 类 号：Q969.9[生物学—昆虫学]