基于经济均衡的运输服务供需匹配研究  

Study on Supply-demand Matching of Transport Service Based on Economic Equilibrium

作　　者：彭志敏[1,2] 吴群琪 PENG Zhi-min;WU Qun-qi(School of Economy and Management,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an Shaanxi 710064,China;Center of Comprehensive Transportation Economic Management,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an Shaanxi 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学综合运输经济管理研究中心,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2018年第9期146-151,共6页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY139);中央高校基本科研业务经费专项资金项目(310823160101;310823170109)

摘　　要：实现运输服务供给与需求的无缝对接与有效匹配,是优化运输供给结构,增加有效运输供给,解决我国运输供给结构性失衡的重要途径之一。基于运输供需主体经济均衡,对运输服务供需匹配问题进行了研究。首先,从供需经济均衡视角下对运输服务供需匹配问题进行了描述。在市场经济条件下,在运输服务匹配决策过程中,要实现供需双方主体之间的满意匹配,关键在于实现运输供给主体与需求主体在经济上的统一。其次,根据运输服务供给与需求主体各自的利益准则,计算了运输需求主体对运输服务满意度和运输供给主体在自身经济性约束下所形成的满意度。其中运输需求主体的经济性要求根据"物有所值"的原则来评判,运输供给主体的经济性要求则由运输供给方式内在的技术经济特征与市场需求之间的互动关系所决定。在运输供需主体各自满意度的基础上,构建了以运输服务供给主体和需求主体满意度最大为目标的多目标优化模型,并基于隶属度函数的加权和方法进行了求解,以获得运输服务供需双方满意度尽可能大的运输服务匹配方案。最后,通过一个算例说明了本研究所提出运输服务供需匹配方法的可行性。Realizing seamless link and effective matching between supply and demand of transport service is one of the important ways to optimize transport supply structure,increase effective transport supply and solve structural imbalance of transport supply in China. Based on the economic equilibrium of transport service supply and demand subjects,the matching issue of supply and demand of transport services is studied. First,the issue of supply and demand matching of transport service is described from the perspective of supplydemand economic equilibrium. Under the condition of market economy,in the decision-making process of transport service matching, to achieve a satisfactory match between transport service supply and demand subjects,the key is to realize the economic unification between transport service supply and demand subjects. Second, according to the benefit criteria of transport service supply and demand subjects, the satisfaction degree of transport service demand subjects to transport service and the satisfaction degree of transport service supply subjects under themselves＇ economic constraints are both calculated. The economic requirement of transport service demand subjects are judged according to the principle of ＂value for money＂,and the economic requirement of transport service supply subjects are determined by the interactive relationship between the inherent technical and economic characteristics of transport supply mode and the market demand. On the basis of the satisfaction degrees of transport service supply and demand subjects,amulti-objective optimization model maximizing the transport service supply and demand subjects＇ satisfaction degrees is constructed,and a solution method is proposed based on the weight sum method of the membership function to obtain the transport service matching scheme making supply and demand subject satisfaction as large as possible. Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

关 键 词：运输经济 运输服务供需匹配 多目标优化模型 满意度 隶属度函数 

分 类 号：F512.3[经济管理—产业经济]