新疆石河子蘑菇湖湿地4800年以来的环境演变  

Environmental evolution of the Moguhu Wetland of Shihezi City in Xinjiang since 4800 cal.aBP

作　　者：段晓红 张芸 杨振京[2] 阎平[4] 黄刚[4] 孔昭宸[3] 王力[3,5] 李媛媛[3,5] DUAN Xiaohong;ZHANG Yun;YANG Zhenjing;YAN Ping;HUANG Gang;KONG Zhaochen;WANG Li;LI Yuanyuan(College of Graduete School,Hebei Geological University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Institute of Hydrologic and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Zhengding 050803,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environment Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;College of Life Science,Shihezi University,shihezi 832003,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学研究生学院,石家庄050031 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,正定050803 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [4]石河子大学生命科学学院,石河子832003 [5]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2018年第4期203-211,共9页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"五千年以来自然和人为干扰对新疆北部小叶桦湿地生态环境的影响研究"(41572331);国家自然科学基金面上项目"新疆北部典型湿地7000aBP植被演变及环境因素分析"(41272386);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项经费项目"西北干旱半干旱地区表土孢粉研究及数据库建设"(YYWF201627)

摘　　要：依据新疆石河子蘑菇湖湿地120cm的地层剖面取得的具有序列14 C测年予以支持的较高时间分辨率的孢粉分析资料,揭示出在4800~1300cal.aBP期间,该区局地生长着沼泽蕨,为淡水湿地景观。气候总体上经历了相对干旱→偏湿→偏干的变化模式。在4770~3700cal.aBP期间,气候较为干旱,随之进入了长达1000多年的湿润阶段,大约从2340cal.aBP开始,气候再次转为干旱。总体上看,石河子地区自5000年以来分布着隐域性植被,一直处于由水生植物芦苇、黑三棱和沼泽蕨等相伴生组成的湿地景观,然而通过2010—2016年对当地植被连续调查的结果表明,在新疆荒漠地带分布的特有湿地类型——小叶桦(Betula microphylla)当今正在遭受着全球气候变化及人类活动的干扰,湿地在退化,小叶桦正濒临灭绝,沼泽蕨的分布正趋减少,因此亟待加强对湿地的保护和濒危物种的保育,大力推进新疆地区的生态建设和文化建设。Wetland is a transitional environment between terrestrial and aquatic systems.It is a key component of earth ecosystem and performs a great deal of vital ecological functions,such as purifying water,maintaining regional ecological balance,mitigating the unfavorable impacts of global climate change,protecting environments for human survival,and preventing flooding by holding water.Holocene climate events on different time scales have a profound impact on the distribution of wetland vegetation in the arid zone.A lot of wetlands in Xinjiang have degenerated gradually or even disappeared.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the research on vegetation and environmental evolution of wetlands,and to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic forces shaping wetland vegetation.The Moguhu Wetland is situated between the southern margin of the Junggar basin and the middle reaches of the Manas river valley on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain.High resolution record of fossil pollen data from a 120 cm sediment core collected in Moguhu Wetland（44°25′39.3″N,85°54′356″E）is applied to extract the information of climate and environment change in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and paleovegetation of Moguhu Wetland since 5000 aBP.The pollen data is calibrated with carbon-14 dating.Results show that in the period between4770 and3700 cal.aBP,Picea pollen were relatively rare indicating a dry climate condition.During the pe-riod from3700 to 3120 cal.aBP,however,pollen Piceaincreased obviously and AP/NAP（arboreal/nonarboreal pollen）ratio was higher than that in previous period.The climate became moist.The ZoneⅢis characterized by a noticeable increase in the percentages of Picea（38.87%）and the maximum values of aquatic plants,suggesting a wetter climate occurred for a hundred years around 3120~3020 cal.aBP.At about 3020~2340 cal.aBP,the A/C（Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae）value exhibits an abrupt increase to 0.4 and Picea percentage was also high.From2340~1340 cal.aBP,the climate became dry again,as

关 键 词：孢粉组合 环境演变 云杉 晚全新世 蘑菇湖湿地 新疆 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]