雷州半岛东部近海浮标大型固着生物污损特点  

BIOFOULING BY SESSILE MACRO-ORGANISMS ON OFFSHORE BUOYS EAST OF THE LEIZHOU PENINSULA, THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

作　　者：韩帅帅[1,2] 曹文浩 严涛[1,2,3] 谢恩义[4] 林岳光 程志强[1] 林明晴[1,2] HAN Shuai-Shuai;CAO Wen-Hao;YAN Tao;XIE En-Yi;LIN Yue-Guang;CHENG Zhi-Qiang;LIN Ming-Qingl＇(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Faculty of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301 [2]中国科学院,大学北京100049 [3]中国科学院海洋环境腐蚀与生物污损重点实验室,青岛266071 [4]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2018年第4期851-857,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,41176102号; 广东省海洋和渔业发展专项,A201701C06号; 湛江市科技计划项目,2013C01022号; 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋环境腐蚀与生物污损重点实验室开放基金项目,MCKF201601号

摘　　要：对布设在雷州半岛东部距岸约30—42km、浸海时间约24个月的3个近海浮标进行了大型固着污损生物分析研究。结果表明,污损浮标的大型固着生物共35种,优势种以侧花海葵(Anthopleura spp.)、变化短齿蛤(Brachidontes variabilis)、网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)为主,其次为翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、刺巨藤壶(Megabalanus volcano)和钟巨藤壶(M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum)。3个近海浮标均被固着生物严重污损,生物附着量变化范围为3994.20—8641.72g/m2,浮标各部位组间差异不显著。物种多样性指数介于1.49—2.99,丰富度指数1.34—2.68,均匀度指数0.38—0.64。在离岸距离约42km的1号浮标,固着生物种类组成已表现出外海性特点,有少量有柄蔓足类出现,而离岸距离分别约35km和30km的4号浮标和7号浮标,污损浮标的大型固着生物仍为沿岸性种类。离岸距离、采样季节、采样深度、光照强度、海流状况和水域的开阔与封闭程度可能是影响固着生物群落组成的因素。An investigation was conducted on sessile macrofouling organisms colonizing 3 offshore buoys deployed for about 24 months east of the Leizhou Peninsula, in the northern South China Sea. A total of 35 sessile species were identified and the dominant species were Anthopleura spp., Brachidontes variabilis, Balanus reticulatus, Perna viridis, Megabalanus volcano, and M. tintinnabulum tintinnabulum. The biomass ranged from 3994.2--8641.72g/m2 and there was no significant difference among groups. Meanwhile, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H~）, Margalef＇s species richness index （d）, and Pielou＇s evenness index （J3 of the community structure ranged from 1.49--2.99, 1.34--2.68, and 0.38--0.64, respectively. A little bit of the pedunculate barnacles Lepas anatifera and L. anserifera were collected on Buoy 1 deployed 42km offshore. However, the sessile fouling communities on Buoys 4 and 7 （35km and 30kin offshore, respectively） were composed of littoral species. In general, the fouling characteristics of sessile macro-organisms are closely related to the factors such as distance from shore, sampling season, water depth, light, local current conditions and open extent of waters.

关 键 词：南海 雷州半岛 浮标 污损 固着生物 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55