玉米分层正位穴施肥精播机SPH仿真与试验  

Simulation and Test of Corn Layer Alignment Position Hole Fertilization Seeder Based on SPH

作　　者：张俊雄[1] 刘华猛 高金 蔺泽虹 陈英[1] ZHANG Junxiong;LIU I-Iuameng;GAO Jin;LIN Zehong;CHEN Ying(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第9期66-72,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B02)

摘　　要：为了有效地将化肥集中施在玉米植株下方根系生长的区域内,以减少化肥用量,设计了一种玉米分层正位穴施肥精播机。在对穴施肥精播机进行实体建模的基础上,结合MAT147土壤材料模型与SPH(光滑粒子流体动力学)算法,运用LS-DYNA模拟并分析了穴施肥系统的间歇排肥机构的落肥状态,以及分层排肥管将化肥施入土壤之后的分布情况。通过土槽和田间试验验证,表明分层正位穴施肥精播机能够精确地将所需化肥按预定比例施入不同深度土层中,化肥分布于种子正下方深度为7~23 cm的土层内,化肥集中在最深施肥层中,并且化肥分布由深至浅依次递减,符合玉米生长过程中的实际需肥规律。It is an effective way to reduce chemical fertilizer consumption by changing the fertilization method from traditional strip fertilization to applying fertilizer to concentrated growth zone around the roots of the corn plant. A kind of full layer and hole fertilization of corn seeder was designed. The virtual prototype of fertilizer distributor was designed,and the physical engine in Solidworks was used to carry out the motion simulation of the batch fertilizer and the discharge pipe,and optimize the discharging mechanism to make the fertilizer discharge faster and more concentrated,so that the fertilizer can be applied into the soil in 0. 15 s. LS-DYNA was used to simulate and analyze the falling fertilizer status of intermittent fertilizer mechanism of the layer and hole fertilization system,and the distribution of fertilizer in soil applied by the layered fertilizer pipe, with the MAT147 soil model and smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） algorithm. The simulation results showed that the mechanism can apply fertilizer to the depth from 7 cm to 23 cm under the surface of soil,and concentrate in a cylindrical space with diameter of 150 mm. The amount of fertilizer in this space was increased with the increase of depth,and the quantity was maximum in the deepest layer,it met the practical application requirements of corn plant growth and reduced unnecessary fertilizer waste. Soil bin test and field test were carried out,and the results agreed well with the simulation results. This novel layer hole fertilization can effectively reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer.

关 键 词：玉米 穴施肥 分层施肥 SPH算法 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]