生防酵母菌株的分离筛选及其防治苹果果实轮纹病效果  

Isolation and Screening of Biocontrol Yeast Strains and Their Control Effects on Apple Fruit Ring Rot

作　　者：戴忠良 高克祥 Dai Zhongliang;Gao Kexiang(College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory forBiology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Taian 271018, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第9期102-108,138,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0207);山东农业大学科技创新团队建设项目"园艺植物病虫害综合防治"

摘　　要：为有效防控采后苹果果实轮纹病,从泰安市三地果园不同果树的叶片和果实中分离出30株酵母菌,分别进行离体抑菌活性测定和活体防病效果筛选,其中4株酵母菌抑菌活性较强,对4株酵母菌不同处理液对病原菌生长的影响、不同浓度下的防治效果及在苹果果实上的生长定殖动态等进行了研究。结果表明:酵母菌株H3、T2、T3、Z8对苹果轮纹病菌抑菌作用较强,第8 d的抑菌率分别为91.46%、91.06%、77.20%、88.66%。接种浓度为1×108cfu/m L的酵母菌7 d后,其防病效果分别是65.1%、82.5%、69.8%、84.1%。培养原液和菌悬液对病原菌抑制作用较强,菌落平均直径小于4 cm。显微镜观察发现只有菌株T3具有重寄生作用。酵母菌与病菌菌丝共培养试验中,酵母菌对菌丝生长量的抑制率都在99%以上。酵母菌浓度越高,防病效果越好,其中菌株Z8的防治效果达到59.4%。4株酵母菌在YPD培养基和苹果伤口中呈指数型增长,在YPD培养基中24 h达到峰值,在苹果伤口上48 h达到峰值。经形态学和分子生物学初步鉴定,4株酵母菌均属于季也蒙迈耶氏酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii)。In order to prevent and control apple fruit ring rot effectively, 30 yeast strains were isolated from the leaves and fruits in three orchards in Taian. Their inhibition activity and disease prevention effects were screened in vivo, and four strains were selected with stronger bacteriostasis.The effects of different treatment solutions of the four yeast strains on the growth of pathogen, the control effect of different concentrations and the growth and colonization on apple fruit were studied. The results showed that the yeast strains H3, T2, T3 and Z8 had stronger inhibition against pathogen of apple fruit ring rot, and their inhibition rates were 91.46%, 91.06%, 77.20% and 88.66%, respectively. After inoculation with 1×10 8 cfu/mL yeast for 7 d, the disease control effect was 65.1%, 82.5%, 69.8% and 84.1%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of yeast culture solution and yeast cell suspension on pathogens was stronger, and the average diameter of colonies was less than 4 cm. Microscopic observation showed that only strain T3 had mycoparasitism. In the co-culture experiment of yeast and pathogen mycelium, the inhibition rate of yeast to mycelia growth was over 99%. The higher the yeast concentration, the better the disease control effect and the control effect of strain Z8 reached 59.4%. The concentration of the 4 yeast strains increased exponentially in YPD medium and apple wounds. The peak reached after 24 h in YPD medium, and 48 h on apple wound. According to morphological and molecular biology, the 4 yeast strains were preliminarily identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii.

关 键 词：酵母菌 果蔬采后病害 苹果果实轮纹病 拮抗作用 生物防治 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]