论行政非法取证行为程序性制裁——兼评《行政诉讼法》第43条第3款  

Discussion on Procedural Sanctions for Administrative Illegal Forensics——Also discuss article 43 paragraph 3 of the Law of Executive Accusation

作　　者：张硕[1] ZHANG Shuo(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072 China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河北法学》2018年第9期178-190,共13页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家"2011计划"司法文明协同创新中心资助项目(教技函2013[26]);教育部重大攻关项目<法律制度实施效果评估>(16JZD011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：修改后的《行政诉讼法》第43条第3款正式在法律层面确立了行政诉讼非法证据排除规则,这一程序性制裁方式是刑事诉讼非法证据排除规则在行政诉讼中推广适用的产物。但在法理层面,这一制度移植可能存在"隐性"缺陷:从制裁的合宪性角度而言,法官排除证据可能会侵犯行政机关的事实认定权;从制裁依据的角度而言,诉讼证据规则不能用以指导行政事实认定;从制裁手段的角度而言,排除证据与行政诉讼固有的"认定程序违法"存在适用冲突;从制裁结果的角度而言,在行政行为作出后排除证据起不到"震慑"作用。所以,不宜在行政诉讼中实行非法证据排除。为惩戒行政违法取证行为,应在行政决定作出前适用排除非法证据的制裁方式;在行政复议阶段,可选择适用排除证据或认定程序违法的制裁方式;在行政诉讼阶段,仅能用程序违法的诉讼法律后果制裁违法取证行为。The revised article 43 paragraph 3 of the law of executive accusation formalized the principle of exclusion of illegal evidence in administrative proceedings.This procedural sanction is an extension of the principle of the criminal proceedings exclusion of illegal evidence in administrative proceedings.But at the legal level,the extension of this system may have hidden defects：For the constitutionality of the sanctions,exclusion of illegal evidence of judges May infringe on the factual authority of the executive authorities;for the basis of sanctions,the rules of litigation evidence cannot be used to guide the determination of administrative facts;for the means of sanctions,exclusion of illegal evidence conflicts with the inherent procedure of identification in administrative litigation;for the result of the sanctions,there is no obvious effect when the evidence is he excluded after administrative actions.Therefore,exclusion of illegal evidence should not be used in administrative proceedings.In order to punish the administrative evidence of illegal acts,the use of illegal evidence should be excluded before the administrative decision is made;in the administrative reconsideration period,exclusion of evidence sanctions or cognizance of illegality can be used;in the period of administrative litigation,we can only use the procedural legal consequences of procedural violations to sanction illegal evidence collection.

关 键 词：行政证据 非法证据排除 行政诉讼 认定程序违法 

分 类 号：DF74[政治法律—诉讼法学]