翻译文本语体“显化”特征的历时考察  

The Explicitness of Register Features in Literary Translations: A Diachronic Study

作　　者：庞双子 王克非[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学 [2]北京外国语大学

出　　处：《中国翻译》2018年第5期13-20,48,共9页Chinese Translators Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"基于新型历时复合语料库的翻译汉语特征研究(项目编号:15CYY05)"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：近年来关于语体显化的研究逐渐走向精细化和多维化,但停留在共时阶段。本文通过构建英汉历时平行语料库,分析汉语翻译文学文本总体上呈现的显化现象在不同时期的变化,并与英语源语文本进行比较,考察翻译文本显化现象的历时特征。研究发现:1)翻译文本的词汇类型逐渐增多,信息密度增加,词汇由单一走向多样,语义精确度提高,罕用词由分散走向集中;2)不同时期的翻译文本中连接词和代词的使用频次整体略呈下降态势,语篇衔接形式显化程度有所下降;平均句段长、标准型次比等指标上升,语义显化程度有所加强;3)翻译文本中词汇显化指标相对于语法显化指标变化更为显著。由此考察,本文认为,语言接触强度、文本标准化程度以及社会文化语境对语体等语言形式持续发生作用。翻译文本显化特征的历时考察有利于将语料库翻译学的发展推向更为广阔的语言和文化空间。Studies of explicitation and explicitness of register features have become more specified and multidimensional in recent years, and yet they remain largely an exploration on the synchronic level. This paper takes a close look at the change across three sampling periods of explicitness in translated Chinese texts with reference to their corresponding English sources. Among its findings are: 1) the translated texts' lexical variation and informational densification have increased over the three periods concerned, as has the semantic preciseness of the words used, and the employment of rare words in these texts has become more concentrated; 2) the frequency in the use of conjunctions and pronouns has decreased, whereas the average lexical length and the standard type/token ratio have increased, over the three periods in question, which indicate respectively that the formal explicitness in textual cohesion has been reduced in general while the semantic explicitness has ascended; 3) the three translated corpora also demonstrate greater differentiation in indicators of lexical explicitness than in those of grammatical explicitness. On the basis of these findings, we argue that factors such as the strength of language contact and the extent of text standardization keep contributing to the change of register features, and a diachronic examination of translated texts may guide corpus-based translation studies to more insightful observations of the interrelationship between language and culture in translation.

关 键 词：翻译 显化 隐化 文学语体 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]