全面二孩政策引发的职业女性就业歧视新思考  

New Thoughts on Employment Discrimination against Professional Women Caused by the Universal Two-child Policy

作　　者：张樨樨[1] 李勤 高紫琪 ZHANG Xi-xi;LI Qin;GAO Zi-qi(College of Managemertt,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学管理学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期105-113,共9页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"‘全面两孩’政策对城镇女性就业的影响研究"(16BJY032)

摘　　要："全面二孩"政策的推行使职业女性面临崭新就业环境,隐性就业歧视频频涌现,歧视程度有渐深迹象。基于歧视经济学相关理论分析得知,职业中断、人力资本贬损、工作与家庭平衡是就业歧视的主要原因。设计构建就业歧视影响因素综合评价体系,运用Ologit模型对一手调研数据实证分析得出:(1)年龄、已育子女数量、月平均工资、育后福利、育后晋升、育后社会竞争力、工作时间灵活度是职业女性就业歧视的关键性影响因素;(2)雇主的支持与优惠政策、男性雇员父育假的普及均可显著降低就业歧视;(3)高人力资本储备职业女性的歧视敏感度较高;(4)针对女性雇员的育后支持政策对歧视的影响均不显著。因此,职业女性专项福利体系的构建尤为必要,助推生育成本社会化;雇主应宽容对待高人力资本储备的女性,逐步营造女性包容型就业环境。The implementation of the ＂universal two-child＂policy has exposed occupational women to has been found a new employment environment. Invisible employment discrimination emerges frequently and the situation of discrimination is deteriorating. Firstly,based on the theoretical analysis of the economics of discrimination,it has been found that occupational disruption,derogation of human capital,work and family balance are the main causes of employment discrimination. Secondly,we constructed the comprehensive evaluation system of the factors affecting the employment discrimination,and used the Ologit model to analyze the first-hand survey data. Both the support and preferential policies for employers and the widespread adoption of occupational men＇s parental leave can significantly reduce employment discrimination. Meanwhile,occupational women with high human capital reserves are more sensitive to discrimination in employment. Therefore,it is especially necessary to construct special welfare system for occupational women to make the fertility costs into social costs. What＇s more,employers should be more tolerant of female employees with high human capital,and try to create a female inclusive employment environment.

关 键 词：全面二孩政策 就业歧视 Ologit模型 职业中断 人力资本贬损 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]