考虑灾害实时扩散的室内火灾疏散路径选择模型  

Route selection model in indoor evacuation under real effect of fire spread

作　　者：刘毅[1] 沈斐敏[1] LIU Yi;SHEN Fei-min(College of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学土木工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《控制与决策》2018年第9期1598-1604,共7页Control and Decision

基　　金：福建省教育厅科研基金项目(JAT160604);福建省交通厅科研基金项目(201526)

摘　　要：针对室内火灾中疏散路径的决策问题,基于改进蚁群算法提出考虑火灾实时扩散的最短路径选择模型.建立六边形栅格地图,使每次移动至相邻网格的时间均等,进而实现火灾扩散与人群疏散同步进行;借助火灾动力学软件(FDS)获得火灾扩散参数,分析疏散过程中火灾扩散对疏散路径的实时影响;对多种情景下的仿真算例进行求解,结果表明,所建立模型不但可解决"斜向穿墙"的问题,还可避免出现疏散路径盲目绕远或误入危险区域的不合理现象,并为智能应急疏散系统的研究提供有益参考.Aiming at decision-making for correct evacuation route and considering real-time effect of indoor fire spread, a shortest route selection model is proposed on the basis of improved ant colony algorithm. Hexagonal grid map is employed to make sure of a constant time spent moving to adjacent grids each time, so the spread of fire and evacuation can be accomplished at the same time. Parameters of fire spread are obtained by using the fire dynamics simulator（FDS）. Then the real-time effect of fire spreading on the evacuation route in the process of evacuation is analyzed. Simulated calculations under different circumstances illustrate that the proposed model can solve the problem of ＂moving diagonally through the wall＂and improve the accuracy and efficiency of evacuation, thus serving as guidance for the research on intelligent emergency evacuation system.

关 键 词：应急疏散 最短路径 蚁群算法 实时影响 火灾动力学软件 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]