中国1985—2010年儿童青少年爆发力素质发展敏感期变化  

Analysis of change of children's explosive power quality in sensitive period from 1985 to 2010

作　　者：吴键[1] 向静文[2] 袁圣敏[3] WU Jian;XIANG Jingwen;YUAN Shengmin(National Institute of Education Science,Beijing（100088）,China)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院,北京100088 [2]首都体育学院武术与表演学院 [3]北京师范大学体育与运动学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2018年第8期1132-1134,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：全国教育科学"十二五"规划国家青年基金项目(CLA130129)

摘　　要：目的探究中国儿童青少年在1985—2010年间爆发力变化的规律,为儿童青少年身体素质发展提供数据支撑。方法对1985—2010年间中国7～18岁儿童青少年立定跳远相关测试成绩的变化率进行可视化纵向分析和男女之间的横向对比。结果 1985—2010年间,儿童青少年爆发力素质敏感期出现动态变化的特征,女生爆发力发展的敏感期出现在7～8岁之间,立定跳远成绩变化率达到8%以上,为7～18岁间爆发力素质发展的敏感期,整体趋势维持测试成绩变化率小幅度波动向下。男生爆发力素质发展的敏感期为12～14岁,立定跳远成绩增长率一直保持在9%以上,7～18岁间成绩变化率的拐点也随着时间的变化不断变化,由1985年的11～12岁提前到2010年的10～11岁,其中2010年成绩变化率的斜率最大。结论 1985—2010年间中国7～18岁儿童青少年立定跳远测试成绩的变化率在不断变化;男女之间的差异不仅体现在爆发力的能力上,在爆发力素质发展敏感时间上也有明显差异。在体育教学中要更大程度地顺应儿童青少年阶段性身体发育的特点,让体育教学活动更加高效。Objective To explore the changing pattern of children and adolescents＇ explosive power during 1985-2010,and to provide the database support for the development of their physical quality. Methods SPSS 18.0 and TABLEAU 10.3 were used for longitudinal visualization analysis of changing rate of results of standing long jump test among children aged 7-18 from1985 to 2010, and transverse comparison was conducted between boys and girls. Results During 1985 to 2010,dynamic characteristics could be found during children and adolescents ＇ explosive power quality in the sensitive period. Girls ＇ sensitive period was found during the age of 7-8 years old, the changing rate of their results reached more than 8%, which was the sensitive period of development of explosive power quality during 7 to 18 years old, and the changing rate of maintaining test scores decreased in a small rate. Girls＇ sensitive period was found during the age of 12-14 years old, the increasing rate of their results reached more than9%, the inflection point of changing rate of their results during 7 to 18 years old changed constantly with the change of time, inflection point also changed in 25 years, from 11-12 years old in 1985 to 10-11 years old in 2010, at the same time, the biggest slope was found of the achievement rate in 2010. Conclusion The changing rate of the related tests scores of standing long jump among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 during 1985-2010 changed constantly. Gender difference was not only found in the difference of explosive power, but also obviously in the sensitivity of the development of their explosive power quality. Therefore, the physical education should conform to the characteristics of adolescents＇ body development to make the physical educational activity more efficient.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 生长和发育 运动活动 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练] G823.3[文化科学—运动人体科学]