不同品种山葡萄接种霜霉病菌后叶片的超微结构与抗氧化酶活性变化  

Changes of Ultrastructure and Antioxidant Enzymes in Leaves of Two Cultivars of Vitis amurensis in Response to Downy Mildew

作　　者：许培磊[1] 杨义明[1] 秦红艳[1] 张宝香[1] 刘迎雪[1] 艾军[1] XU Peilei;YANG Yiming;QIN Hongyan;ZHANG Baoxiang;LIU Yingxue;AI Jun(Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130122)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林长春130122

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第17期45-54,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：现代农业技术体系资助项目(CARS-30-7);物种资源保护(农作物)资助项目(2015NWB043);国家农作物种质资源平台资助项目(NICGR2016-058);吉林省科技厅资助项目(20140101152JC)

摘　　要：以山葡萄抗性品种"双红"与敏感性品种"双优"为试材,离体接种霜霉病菌,在接种0、1、3、5、7d时,连续观察其叶肉细胞超微结构及抗氧化酶活性的变化,以揭示不同抗性品种山葡萄应答霜霉病的调控机制。结果表明:未接种时,双优的线粒体膜系统发育欠佳,MDA含量较高,抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GR、PPO、POD)活性较低;随着接种时间的延长,抗氧化酶活性呈现不同的变化趋势;接种5d时,"双红"葡萄的PPO活性和POD活性分别是"双优"葡萄的2.00倍和5.54倍,此时,"双红"叶肉细胞的线粒体存在聚集现象;接种第7天时,"双红"叶肉细胞发生严重的质壁分离,真菌出现空泡化,孢囊梗干瘪,而在"双优"叶片表面的霜霉病菌繁殖旺盛,此时,2个品种的抗氧化酶活性差异已减小。"双红"对霜霉病的初始抗性较高,膜系统结构完善;在接种中期出现线粒体聚集、以提高PPO和POD活性来增强抗性;在接种后期可使组织快速失水,形成枯斑,削弱菌丝营养生长,从而防止病斑的进一步扩大。In order to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of different Vitis amurensis cultivars response to downy mildew.Vitis amurensis ‘Shuanghong＇（a DM-tolerant cultivar）and ‘Shuangyou＇（a DMsusceptible cultivar） were inoculated with Plasmopara viticola,ultrastructure and antioxidant enzymes of mesophyll cells were observed continuously after inoculation 0 day,1 day,3 days,5 days and 7 days.The results showed that at 0 day,mitochondrial membrane system of grape‘Shuangyou＇was not developed completely,there were higher MDA content and lower activities of antioxidant enzyme（SOD,CAT,GR,PPO and POD）in the leaves of grape ‘Shuangyou＇;with the increase of inoculation time,the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed different trends;at 5 days,the activities of POD and PPO in ‘Shuanghong＇were 2.00 times and 5.54 times as much as ‘Shuangyou＇,at this time,mitochondrial aggregation can be observed in the cell of ‘Shuanghong＇.At 7 days,seriously plasmolysis phenomenon,fungal vacuoles and sporangiophore withered were occurred in‘Shuanghong＇,while the propagation of downy mildew spore in ‘Shuangyou＇was vigorous.The differences in antioxidant enzyme activity of two varieties were reduced after inoculation for 7 days.Above all,‘Shuanghong＇had higher resistance to downy mildew at the beginning.In the middle time of inoculation,mitochondria aggregation and the higher activity of PPO and POD may be conducive to enhance the resistance of ‘Shuanghong＇.In the end of inoculation,mesophyll cells were rapid dehydrated,facilitated the formation of dry spots,weaken the nutrition growth of hypha,so as to prevent the further expansion of the spore in‘Shuanghong＇.

关 键 词：山葡萄 霜霉病 超微结构 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S663.101[农业科学—果树学]