花生籽仁外观和营养品质特征及食用型花生育种利用分析  

Characterization of Kernel Appearance and Nutritional Quality in Peanut Accessions and Its Application for Food-use Peanut Breeding

作　　者：房元瑾 孙子淇[1] 苗利娟[1] 齐飞艳[1] 黄冰艳[1] 郑峥[1] 董文召[1] 汤丰收[1] 张新友[1] FANG Yuan-jin;SUN Zi-qi;MIAO Li-juan;QI Fei-yan;HUANG Bing-yan;ZHENG Zheng;DONG Wen-zhao;TANG Feng-shou;ZHANG Xin-you(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agricultural,Zhengzhou 45000)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2018年第5期875-886,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13);河南省重大科技专项(16110011100);河南省花生产业技术体系(S2012-05)

摘　　要：花生籽仁的外观品质和营养品质是评价食用花生品种的重要指标。本研究对285个不同类型或来源的花生种质资源进行了籽仁外观和营养品质性状的检测和分析,旨在为食用型花生品种选育提供依据。按照植物学类型分析了各类型的8个外观性状和5个营养品质性状的分布。结果表明,我国花生种质资源包含丰富的外观性状变异类型,能够满足不同加工用途对原料的需求,但总体上高油酸、高蛋白和低脂肪资源类型偏少。借鉴美国等烤制花生仁和糖果花生的外观和营养品质特征及我国煮食和烤制花生的生产消费市场,提出了食用型品种选育亲本的策略和备选品种类型,烤制和糖果用途花生育种亲本选配应以普通型、中间型或珍珠豆型中粒农家品种或育成品种为骨干亲本,进一步改良高油酸、高蛋白和低脂肪等品质性状。The appearance and nutritional quality of peanut kernel are important characteristics of peanut for food-use. By analyzing the traits related to the kernel architecture and the nutritional quality in 285 peanut germplasm accessions,we provided guidance in breeding for food-use peanut varieties. We examined five nutritional quality traits and eight appearance-related factors. The results suggested that abundant variation in kernel morphological traits observed in Chinese peanut germplasm can satisfy specific requirements for different processing applications.However,few accessions with high oleic acid content,high protein content or low oil content were observed. Based on the appearance and nutritional characteristics of roasted and coated peanut in the U. S as well as the boiled or roasted peanut consumed in China,we proposed the strategy for selecting parental lines in food-use peanut breeding. To meet the industrial requirements for roasted and confectionary peanut,the germplasm accessions with irregular type,hypogaea type and vulgaris type with middle to large sized kernel are recommended parents for breeding and improving oleic acid content,protein content and reducing fat content.

关 键 词：食用花生 外观品质 营养品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]