艾伦·卡尔松“肯定美学”之演变及其理论倾向  

The Evolution of Allen Carlson's "Positive Aesthetics" and Its Theoretical Tendency

作　　者：史建成 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学美学与文艺批评研究院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期1-6,共6页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2017年广东省教育厅青年创新人才类项目"艾伦.卡尔松的审美鉴赏理论研究"(项目编号:2017WQNCX133);2018年度深圳大学人文社会科学青年教师扶持项目"艾伦.卡尔松环境美学思想研究"(项目编号:18QNFC41)

摘　　要：在西方环境美学语境中,肯定美学作为审美领域从艺术转向自然的观念模型出现并在艾伦·卡尔松那里得到理论化建构。古典形态的肯定美学在正面强调自然本身具有积极的审美价值,在对立面意义上否定了人为因素的介入。但这一观念缺乏对"自然全美"现实路径的澄清,并因之游离于人的自然审美实践之外。卡尔松的理论化建构就在于为其寻找路径支撑,为此他寻找到了依托之物——知识。在其前期"科学认知主义"环境美学阶段,卡尔松批判了非审美的自然鉴赏、崇高观念、宗教有神论基础上的"肯定美学"架构,并将自然科学知识视为可以取代的方案。在其后期的"功能"理论阶段,卡尔松通过区分有机体和无机物的功能差别部分地否定了肯定美学的可靠性,并将否定性美学置于部分有机体的功能不良之上。卡尔松的"肯定美学"将具有个体性、不确定性审美经验的呈现悬置起来,将理论的言说聚焦于对象分析以及鉴赏规则基础之上的唯一经验,由此,"肯定"的审美价值判断在科学认识论的基础上建立起来。In the context of western environmental aesthetics,positive aesthetic emerged as a conceptual model transforming from art to nature in the aesthetic field and was theoretically constructed by Allen Carlson.Carlson's theoretical construction aimed at finding a way to support this concept,for which he found something to rely on--the knowledge.In his early stage of the"scientific"cognitivism environmental aesthetics,Carlson criticized the structure of"positive aesthetics"that was on the base of non-aesthetic natural appreciation,lofty notions and theism of religion,and treated nature science as a replaceable approach.In his final stage of"functionalism"theory,Carlson partially denied the reliability of positive aesthetics by distinguishing functional differences between organic and inorganic entity.In Carlson's"positive aesthetics",he put the aesthetics experiences containing individuality and uncertainty out of use and focused his theory on the only experience based on object analysis and rules of appreciation.

关 键 词：环境美学 肯定美学 科学认知 功能适应性 艾伦·卡尔松 

分 类 号：B834.2[哲学宗教—美学]