废弃油脂甘油酯化降酸过程中的甘油聚合研究  

Glycerol polymerization in the process of waste oil glycerol esterification

作　　者：宿颜彬 夏凡[1] 解庆龙[1] 卢美贞[1] 梁晓江[1] 李肖华[1] 聂勇[1] 计建炳[1] SU Yanbin;XIA Fan;XIE Qinglong;LU Meizhen;LIANG Xiaojiang;LI Xiaohua;NIE Yong;JI Jianbing(Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Biofuel,College of Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学化工学院,浙江省生物燃料利用技术研究重点实验室,杭州310014

出　　处：《中国油脂》2018年第9期53-56,61,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：国家863计划子课题(2014AA022103)

摘　　要：基于甘油酯化降酸的优势和降酸过程甘油聚合的问题,开展了废弃油脂甘油酯化降酸过程中甘油聚合的研究。考察了反应温度、甘油用量、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对甘油聚合的影响,并分析了聚甘油的聚合度。结果表明:反应温度越高、甘油与脂肪酸摩尔比越大,降酸速率越快,甘油聚合率越高,在反应温度220℃、甘油与脂肪酸摩尔比1∶1时甘油聚合率约为33.8%;聚甘油主要为二聚甘油;甘油酯化过程引入锌基催化剂,不仅提高降酸速率,缩短反应时间,还能降低反应温度、减少甘油的聚合,从而提高副产物甘油的回收率;与催化剂Zn Cl_2、Zn(Ac)_2相比,催化剂Zn O效果最好,在Zn O用量0.3%、反应温度180℃、甘油与脂肪酸摩尔比1∶1时甘油聚合率可降至约13%。研究结果将有助于进一步优化甘油酯化降酸工艺,为甘油酯化耦合碱催化酯交换法制备生物柴油技术的设计提供参考。Based on the advantages of glycerol esterification in acid reduction and the problems of glycerol polymerization existing in the glycerol esterification process, the glycerol polymerization during glycerol esterification in acid reduction of waste oil was examined. The effects of temperature, glycerol dosage, catalyst type and catalyst dosage on glycerol polymerization were investigated and the polymerization de- gree of polyglycerol was determined. The results showed that higher glycerol polymerization rate and acid reduction rate were observed at higher temperature and higher molar ratio of glycerol to fatty acid. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 220 ℃ and molar ratio of glycerol to fatty acid 1 ： 1, the polymeriza- tion rate of glycerol was about 33.8%, and the polyglycerol was mainly composed of diglycerol. The ad- dition of Zinc -based catalysts in the glycerol esterification process could increase the acid reduction rate and reduce the reaction time, reaction temperature and glycerol polymerization, and increase the recovery of glycerol. Compared with ZnCl2 and Zn（Ac） 2, ZnO exhibited the best catalytic effect, and the poly- merization rate of glycerol reduced to about 13% under the conditions of reaction temperature 180℃, ZnO dosage 0.3 % and molar ratio of glycerol to fatty acid 1： 1. The results could improve the optimiza- tion of glycerol esterification technique and provide guidance for the development of biodiesel production from glycerol esterification coupled with base -catalyzed transesterification.

关 键 词：甘油酯化 生物柴油 甘油聚合 锌基催化剂 

分 类 号：TQ644[化学工程—精细化工] TQ645