油桐籽破壳力学特性及主要影响因素研究  

Mechanical properties and major influential factors of breaking Tung seed shell

作　　者：刘汝宽[1,2] 肖志红[1] 李昌珠 王红建[3] 张爱华[1] 吴红[1] LIU Rukuan;XIAO Zhihong;LI Changzhu;WANG Hongjian;ZHANG Aihua;WU Hong(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004 [2]中南大学化学与工程学院,长沙410083 [3]中南大学机电工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《中国油脂》2018年第9期132-134,共3页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：湖湘青年英才技术(2017RS3056);湖南省科技重大专项(2016NK1001-3);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600802)

摘　　要：为研究适用于油桐籽的高效脱壳设备,开展油桐籽破壳力学特性研究,分析破壳力作用形式、油料粒径大小对其破壳效果的影响。结果表明:油桐籽在顶压、侧压和俯压不同挤压变形时,其籽壳裂纹只有一条且各处同时出现小裂纹,裂纹均沿施力方向延伸,裂纹宽度随着压力的增加而增大;在匀速加载过程中,无论是顶压、侧压还是俯压,在未破裂时压力随着变形量的增加而呈现线性增加,当加载到超过外壳所能承受的最大载荷,外壳发生破裂,从而导致破壳力急剧下降,曲线中断;破壳力的大小受力的作用形式及油桐籽粒径的影响,在相同的加载方式下,破壳力随着油桐籽等级的增大而增加,但不明显;在油桐籽大小等级相同的情况下,顶压方式破壳所需要的破壳力和侧压方式基本相同,但破壳力明显小于俯压方式,即油桐籽在一对集中力作用下顶压方式和侧压方式更易破裂。In order to study the high -efficiency breaking machine applied to Tung seed, the mechanical properties of the Tung seed shell were studied, and the influences of the breaking force action form and the particle size of the Tung seed on the breaking effect were analyzed. The results showed that Tung seed had a crack gap and small crack gaps appeared everywhere along the direction of loading force whenever it suffered top loading at the top, the flank and the middle. The width of the crack gap increased with the increase of the loading. In the process of uniform loading, whether it was top pressure, the flank loading or the middle loading, the loading force increased linearly with the increase of the deformation until an overload of shell occurred, which led to a breaking of force fell sharply. Manners of loading force and size of the Tung seed were important factors influencing the breaking force of the seed shell. Under the same loading condition, the breaking force increased with the size of the Tung seed increasing, but not obvi- ous. In the case of the same size grade, the breaking forces of top loading and flank loading were nearly equal and they were lower than loading in the middle obviously. Therefore, the top loading and flank loading were two suitable manners for shell breaking.

关 键 词：油桐籽 力学特性 破壳 加载部位 

分 类 号：TS222[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] O344[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]