柿属植物花粉形态观察及孢粉学研究  

Pollen morphology observation and palynological studies of Diospyros

作　　者：胡超琼 王仁梓[1] 关长飞 禹庆峰 阮小凤[1] 杨勇[1] HU Chaoqiong;WANG Renzi;GUAN Changfei;YU Qingfeng;RUAN Xiaofeng;YANG Yong(College of Horticulture,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第9期1067-1078,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业部种质资源保护项目(2017NWB035);科技部国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(NICGR2017-50);陕西省科技统筹特色产业创新链项目(2016KTTSNY01-06;2016KTTSNY01-02)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨利用孢粉学区分柿属植物种及品种的可能性,并通过聚类分析探讨其亲缘关系。【方法】利用扫描电镜观察了柿属植物(Diospyros)6个种、栽培柿(D.kaki)11个品种以及同时期的石榴科(Punicaceae)的石榴花(Punica granatum L.)、罂粟科(Papaveraceae Juss.)的虞美人(Papaver rhoeas L.)和秃疮花(Dicranostigma leptopodum),以及紫葳科(Bignoniaceae)的凌霄花(Campsis.grandiflora)共21份材料的花粉外部形态。在对花粉形态观察的基础上,对花粉6个数量性状极轴长(P)、赤道宽(E)、条纹长、条纹宽、萌发沟长和萌发孔大小进行观测,并进行统计与聚类分析。【结果】石榴花、秃疮花、虞美人以及凌霄花等植物的花粉外壁纹饰呈网状及瘤状突起状,与柿属植物特殊的谷穗状条纹结构相比有明显差异。其他11个栽培柿品种的花粉外壁纹饰也形态各异,大小不一。花蕾期的花粉粒普遍比盛开期的花粉粒大,且条纹也比较宽。盛开期的花粉外壁条纹比较干瘪稀疏,花蕾期的花粉外壁条纹则比较饱满紧密。此外,‘华中雄株’‘襄阳牛心柿’‘禅寺丸’与‘台湾正柿’等品种均出现了巨大花粉。聚类分析表明了这17种柿属植物的亲缘关系的远近。【结论】柿属植物花粉的表面纹饰与所选的4种非柿属植物相比较有明显差别,具有一定特异性和稳定性,可以根据其花粉形态来辨别其是否属于柿属植物;虽然柿属植物柿花粉形态大体比较类似,但在花粉外壁纹饰,花粉粒大小以及形状等方面存在一定差异,不仅为区分柿科的6个不同的种提供参考,也可以作为区分柿种下11个不同品种的辅助依据;同一品种花粉采集时间不同,其花粉形态也有所区别。此外,在‘禅寺丸’‘台湾正柿’等花粉中发现了巨大花粉(2n配子)的存在,对柿属植物种质创新有重要意义。【Objective】Diospyros belongs to persimmon family. China has a long history of persimmon cultivation and a rich germplasm resource with 1 058 varieties distributed throughout the country. Because of its nutrient-rich fruit, persimmons are popular. They are also beautiful ornamental trees because of their graceful appearance, beautiful foliage and colorful fruit. The pollen morphology is relatively stable and thus an important criterion for plant classification. With the use of scanning electron microscopy, palynological study has entered a new stage. In this study, experiments were conducted to explore the possibility of distinguishing the species and cultivars of Diospyros based on palynological characters and exploring their phylogenetic relationships with cluster analysis. 【Methods】A total of 21 materials including seven Diospyros species and eleven cultivars of D. kaki and pomegranate flowers, dicranostigma, corn poppy and Campsis grandiflora flowers were used as the materials. At anthesis, morphology of the pollen surface was observed under scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. All the above persimmon materials were collected from the National Field Genebank For Persimmon and the rest materials from the campus of Northwest A ＆ F University. Pollen morphology of Diospyros wascharacterized by six quantitative traits including poleaxis length （P）, equatorial width （E）, stripe length, stripe width, germination length and germination pore size. The data were subject to statistical analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 Firstly, unlike pomegranate flowers, dicranostigma, com poppy and Campsis grandiflora, the exine ornamentation of Diospyros was grain fringe, which is significantly different among them. The exine ornamentation of the corn poppy pollen was raised in a hilly shape; the pollen of Campsis grandiflora had a network structure; that of pomegranate was with tumor-like protuberances; dicranostigma had both tumor-like protrusions and a network structure. Secondly, the pollens of the

关 键 词：柿属植物 孢粉学 花粉形态 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]