城镇中学生精神心理症状/问题追踪研究  

A study on mental and psychological symptoms and problems of middle school students in towns

作　　者：冯永清 王丽敏[1] 尹慧[1] 张作明[1] 陶雨春[1] 陈璐[1] 徐晔[2] 张凤春[3] FENG Yong-qing;WANG Li-min;YIN Hui;ZHANG Zuo-ming;TAO Yu-chun;CHEN Lu;XU Ye;ZHANG Feng-chun(Department of Health Education,School of Public Health of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China;Department of psychiatry,The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University;Department of Paediatrics,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院健康教育学教研室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院精神科 [3]黑龙江中医药大学第二临床医学院儿科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨医科大学学报》2018年第3期301-305,共5页Journal of Harbin Medical University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(15YJAZH073)

摘　　要：目的探讨城镇中学生各种精神心理症状/问题随年龄增长的变化特点与稳定性,为学校制定有针对性的心理健康教育计划提供科学依据。方法运用症状自评量表(SCL-90),在自然升学的教育条件下对251名初一、高一学生进行了18个月的追踪观察,采用差均值、相关分析及率、吻合度分析。结果 (1)差均值、相关分析(r):初中男生、高中女生SCL-90各症状分18个月后差均值均有升高;初中男生18个月前后相关系数均在0. 33以下,只有人际敏感和偏执有统计学意义(P <0. 05);高中女生相关系数最低为0. 41,最高为0. 78(P <0. 01)。(2)率、吻合度分析(κ系数):前后精神心理问题率的比较无差别;高中生总问题率比初中生前后吻合度高,且男生(0. 60)高于女生(0. 42);进一步分析,高、初中女生前后睡眠饮食问题吻合度最高,分别为0. 85和0. 79,其次是高中男生为0. 66(P <0. 01)。结论随年龄增长,初中生各种精神症状和问题稳定性差,高中生较强,提示初中阶段是实施学校心理健康教育与干预的最佳时期。Objective To explore the characteristics and stability of various mental symptoms/ problems with age in towns middle school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted mental health education programs. Methods Under the conditions of natural education, 251 primary and high school students in a town were investigated by using symptom checklist 90 （SCL-90） , and were followed up for 18 months ,and the difference mean, correlation analysis, rate and degree of anastomosis were analyzed. Results （1） Difference mean and correlation analysis （r） ： The symptoms of SCL-90 in junior middle school boys and high school girls were all increased after 18 months. The correlation coefficient of junior high school boys was less than 0. 33 for 18 months, only interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation were statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the lowest correlation coefficient of high school girls was 0.41, and the highest was 0.78 （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. （2）Rate, anastomoseanalysis （ κ coefficient） ： there was no difference in the rate of mental and psychological problems before and after; the total problem rate of high school students was higher than that of junior high school students, and boys （ 0. 60） were higher than those of girls （0. 42 ） ; further analysis of junior middle school and high school girls, the sleep diet was the highest, 0. 85 and 0. 79 respectively, followed by high school boys was 0. 66 （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion With the increase of age, all kinds of mental symptoms and problems of junior middle school students are not stable, and of high school students are better, suggesting that the junior middle school stage is the best period to implement school mental health education and intervention.

关 键 词：中学生 精神症状 纵向研究 心理健康教育 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]