论索绪尔语言学的任意性原则  

On Saussure's Arbitrariness

作　　者：潘洵[1] Pan Xun(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语言文学与国际交流学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期104-111,共8页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：能指和所指的关系是任意的,这就是索绪尔任意性原则的核心内容。索绪尔将任意性原则视为语言学的第一原则、语言学的基石。但是在细读《普通语言学教程》以后,笔者发现索氏在术语使用、逻辑论证、举例说明等方面都存在一定的问题。通过对语言起源过程进行合理性假设重构,笔者认为能指与所指的结合是有理据的,而非任意的,但理据本身却可能是任意的。也就是说在论证过程中索绪尔遗漏了其中的一个环节,索氏的任意性原则只适合于共时性实验室型的结构语言学。The relation between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary,which is the core concept of Ferdinand de Saussure＇s arbitrariness.Saussure regarded the arbitrariness as the first principle and the cornerstone of linguistics.An in-depth study of Course in General Linguistics,however,indicates that there are some problems in Saussure＇s use of terms,logical argumentation,and exemplifications.A reasonable hypothesis and reconstruction of the origin and development of language suggests the combination of the signifier and the signified has its motivation,rather than arbitrary.But the motivation may be arbitrary,that is,Saussure missed a link in the course of argumentation.In other words,Saussure＇s arbitrariness can only apply to synchronic and lab-type structural linguistics.

关 键 词：任意性原则 约定俗成 蛇 拟声说 命名说 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]