广东省职业性化学中毒流行特征和发病趋势  

Study on the epidemic characteristics and trends of occupational chemical poisoning in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李旭东[1,2] 瞿红鹰 胡世杰[1] 陈嘉斌[1] 屠鸿薇 温贤忠[1] 余宏伟 周珊宇[1] 戚亚洲 LI Xudong;QU Hongying;HU Shijie;CHEN Jiabin;TU Hongwei;WEN Xianzhong;YU Hongwei;ZHOU Shanyu;QI Yazhoa(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatmen;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,510080 [3]广东省疾病预防控制中心,511430

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2018年第4期436-442,共7页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAI12B01);国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广东省科技计划项目(2011B050700001;2013B021800176);广东省省级工业与信息化发展专项资金互联网+技术应用项目;广东省医学科研基金(A2015150;C2016014)

摘　　要：目的分析广东省2006—2015年职业性化学中毒(以下简称"职业中毒")的流行病学特征和发病趋势。方法通过我国《职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统》收集广东省2006—2015年职业中毒新发病例资料,对其流行特征和发病趋势进行回顾性分析。结果 2006—2015年,广东省共报告职业中毒新发病例1 288例,占全省职业病新发病例总数(5 283例)的24.4%。新发病例中,急、慢性职业中毒分别占21.7%(279/1 288)和78.3%(1 009/1 288),有机溶剂中毒占74.7%(962/1 288);新发现5种职业中毒。新发病例多为男性,占56.7%(729/1 288);地区分布主要集中在珠江三角洲地区(占95.9%,1 235/1 288),其中,居前3位的分别为深圳市、东莞市和广州市,分别有425、325和209例,三者共占74.4%(959/1 288);企业分布主要分布于中、小型企业(共占72.0%)、私有经济企业(占50.9%)和制造业企业(占70.5%)。10年间,新发病例数随年份的增加呈波浪式的先下降后上升后再下降的趋势,其占全省职业病新发病例数的构成比随年份的增加呈直线下降趋势(P<0.01)。新发病例诊断年龄中位数为35岁,诊断工龄中位数为2.0年,诊断年龄和诊断工龄均呈随年份的增加而增加的趋势(P<0.01)。结论广东省职业中毒具有一定的人群聚集性特征和时间变化趋势。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and predict epidemiological trends of occupational chemical poisoning,based on directly reported data during 2006-2015 in Guangdong Province. Methods The data of patients with occupational chemical poisoning reported from National Information Surveillance System for Occupational Disease and Occupational Health from 2006 to 2015 in Guangdong Province were collected. The epidemiological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. The autoregressive integral moving average model（ ARIMA model） was established and validated based on the number of the new onset cases and was used to predict the trends of occupational chemical poisoning from 2017 to 2020 in Guangdong Province. Results From 2006 to 2015,1 288 new cases of occupational chemical poisoning were reported in Guangdong Province,which accounted for 24. 4% of the total number of new cases of occupational diseases in the province（ 5 283 cases）. Among the new cases,the percentage of acute and chronic poisoning was 21. 7%（ 279/1 288） and 78. 3%（ 1 009/1 288）. There was 74. 7%（ 962/1 288） of organic solvent poisoning. Five kinds of new occupational chemical poisoning were found. Most of the new cases were male,accounting for 56. 7%（ 729/1 288）. They were mainly distributed and concentrated in Pearl River Delta Region,accounting for 95. 9%（1 235/1 288）. Shenzhen,Dongguan and Guangzhou were the most three cities which had 425,325 and 209 cases respectively,all of them accounted for 74. 4%（ 959/1 288）. The new cases of poisoning mainly distributed in medium and small enterprises（ 72. 0%）,private economic enterprises（ 50. 9%） and manufacturing industries（70. 5%）. The number of occupational chemical poisoning diseases decreased first,and increased,and the proportion to the total number of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province showed a straight downward trend（P 0. 01）. The median age at diagnosis was 35 years old and the median work year at diagnosis was 2. 0

关 键 词：职业中毒 化学中毒 急性中毒 慢性中毒 流行特征 发病趋势 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]