燕山地区铁尾矿库生态重构植被恢复  

Ecological Reconstruction and Vegetation Restoration of Iron Tailings in Yanshan Area

作　　者：王欣[1] 鲁明星[1] 韩冬生[1] Wang Xin Lu;Mingxing;Han Dongsheng(Tangshan University,Tangshan,06300)

机构地区：[1]唐山学院,唐山063000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2018年第18期6183-6192,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：河北省科技厅2016年重点研发项目(16234204D-2)资助

摘　　要：唐山首钢马兰庄铁矿对矿区生态系统进行了近十年植被恢复,现已形成较好的生态效益,是北方矿山生态重构较成功的案例之一。本研究以唐山首钢马兰庄铁矿铁尾矿库为示范基地,在尾矿库3个不同区域,选取12个人工群落,对群落的物种组成、生长发育状况进行野外调查分析,对尾矿库植被恢复的生态效益进行定量评价,为铁尾矿生态重构提供数据支持。结果表明:人工群落结构简单,尾矿库地势较低区域由于水分充足,群落内植物生长较好,生物量高,物种多样性指数高;杨柴(Hedysarum mongolicum Turez)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)、杠柳(Periploca sepium Bunge)等耐盐碱性强,根蘖性强;紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa Linn.)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)等豆科植物适合作为矿山复垦的先锋树种。为矿山生态重建长期效益提供数据支持,为下一步复垦规划设计提供依据。The restoration of vegetation in the mining area has been done by Malanzhuang iron mine of Shougang Group in Tangshan for nearly ten years, and good ecological benefits have been formed, which is one of the successful cases of ecological reconstruction in northern mines. The research took the iron tailings of Malanzhuang iron mine in Tangshan as the experiment base. 12 artificial communities in 3 different areas of iron tailings were selected, and the field investigation and analysis of species composition, growth and development of the community were conducted. Also, the ecological benefits of vegetation restoration in tailings reservoir was quantitatively analyzed, providing data support for the ecological reconstruction of iron tailings. The results showed that the structure of artificial communities was simple. Because of sufficient moisture, plants grew well in the low-lying areas of abandoned mine land with, high biomass and high index of species diversity. Hedysarum mongolicum Turez, Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. and Periploca sepium Bunge. could be used as pioneer species because of better saline-alkali tolerance and better creeping-rooted character. Amorpha fruticosa Linn. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. could also be used because they could effectively improve the total nitrogen and alkali solution nitrogen content. This study could provide data support for the long-term benefit of mine ecological reconstruction and basis for the further reclamation planning and design.

关 键 词：铁尾矿 生态重构 植被恢复 植被调查 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]