考虑乘客出行习惯的公交线网优化方法  

Optimization of Transit Network Considering Travel Preferences of Passengers

作　　者：王佳冬 袁振洲[1] WANG Jiadong;YUAN Zhenzhou(MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2018年第4期97-105,共9页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：北部湾城市群综合交通运输规划研究项目(T17100240)资助

摘　　要：为了解决既有研究缺乏定量分析乘客出行习惯,导致优化线网实施后实际运营效果不理想的现实问题,提出乘客出行习惯成本的概念,并从换乘习惯成本和出行时间习惯成本2个方面进行计算:引入换乘惩罚因子,将换乘导致的不便转化为出行时耗计算换乘习惯成本;定义出行惯性阈值,表征乘客对车内时间的敏感程度计算出行时间习惯成本。建立以考虑出行习惯的乘客出行成本和运营成本最小为目标,以首末站布局、发车频率为约束的线网优化模型,设计改进的多种群遗传算法的模型求解方法。以莱州市公交线网为例进行验证,结果表明,优化方案较优化前总成本下降了1.8%,乘客出行成本下降了15.4%,直达乘客比例提高了19.6%;与未考虑乘客出行习惯的传统模型相比,使用改进模型优化后乘客出行习惯成本下降了43.4%。Quantitative analysis is rarely used in existing studies of travel preferences of passengers.In order to solve problems in actual operation after implementation of optimized transit networks,a concept of preferences cost is proposed.It includes transfer cost and travel time cost.A penalty factor for transfer is used to calculate the transfer cost by converting inconvenience of transfer to travel time.A threshold of travel preferences,which defined as passengers′sensitivity of in-vehicle travel time,is used to calculate the travel time cost.Considering travel preferences of passengers,an optimized model for transit networks is established by minimizing travel cost and operation cost with constraints of terminal layout and bus service frequency.An improved heuristic solution algorithm based on multiple population genetic algorithms is developed.Taking Laizhou transit network as a case study,the results show that the total cost decreased by 1.8%,the travel cost decreased by 15.4%,and the proportion of direct passengers increased by 19.6%in the optimized model.Compared with traditional models which not considering travel preferences,the preferences cost of passengers decreased by 43.4%.

关 键 词：交通管理 公交线网优化 遗传算法 出行习惯 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]