不同方法提取香茅草精油比较研究  

Comparison of Cymbopogon citratus essential oils with three different extraction method

作　　者：王昊[1,2] 吴红 肖志红 李培旺 张爱华 刘汝宽 李昌珠 WANG Hao;WU Hong;XIAO Zhihong;LI Peiwang;ZHANG Aihua;LIU Rukuan;LI Changzhu(Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Utilization Science for Southern Woody Oil Resource,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Engineering ＆Technology Research Center of Lipids,Changsha 410004,China;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]南方木本油料利用科学国家林业局重点实验室湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省生物油脂工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2018年第5期21-26,共6页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划(2017WK2021);湖南省重大专项(2016NKl001)

摘　　要：采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO_2法和微波法提取了香茅草精油,并对精油提取率、理化性质和精油组成进行了比较。同时采用气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)对不同方法得到的精油进行了定性和定量分析。实验结果表明,三种方法香茅草精油的提取率分别为水蒸气蒸馏法(3. 53±0. 08%),超临界CO_2(4. 32±0. 06%),微波法(4. 20±0. 08%),超临界CO_2不仅精油得率高,得到的精油色泽较浅,透明水蒸汽提取法得到的精油共分离鉴定出39种组分,超临界CO_2萃取法得到的精油共分离鉴定出44种组分,微波萃取法共分离鉴定出36种组分。三种提取方法所得精油的共同组分有α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、橙花醛、香叶醇、香叶醛、β-石竹烯等16种组分,且共有组分间含量差异显著(p<0. 05)。三种精油样品中相对含量最高的均为柠檬醛(橙花醛和香叶醛),其次平均含量最高的为香叶醇。结果表明,超临界CO_2是一种更适合提取香茅草精油的方法。To improve essential oil quality,especially to reserve the thermal instability compounds,supercritical CO2 extraction,microwave extraction and steam distillation extraction was applied to recover essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus leaves. The essential oil extraction yield and appearance were compared,the essential oil compositions and contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the extraction yield was steam distillation extraction（3. 53±0. 08%）,supercritical CO2 extraction（4. 32±0. 06%）,microwave extraction（4. 20±0. 08%）. The chemical composition analysis of C. citratus essential oil found that 39 kinds of compositions were identified from the C. citratus essential oil extracted by steam distillation;44 kinds of components were identified from the C. citratus essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction;36 kinds of components were identified from the C. citratus essential oil extracted by microwave extraction. The common components of the essential oils obtained from the three extraction methods are 16 components,including alpha pinene,linalool,nerolaldehyde,geraniol,geraniol,beta carnalline,ect. The difference of essential oil composition was between the 3 extraction was significant（p 〈 0. 05）. The highest compound of the three essential oils were citral,followed by geraniol. The results proved that supercritical CO2 is a more suitable extraction method for extracting essential oil from C. citratus leaves.

关 键 词：香茅草 超临界CO2提取 微波提取 精油组成 GC-MS分析 

分 类 号：S759.8[农业科学—森林经理学]