动水结冰与消融过程试验研究  

Experimental Study on Freezing and Melting Process of Flowing Water

作　　者：肖剑[1] 张帆[1] 苏东喜[1] 邓云[2] XIAO Jian;ZHANG Fan;SU Dongxi;DENG Yun(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;College of Water Resource ＆ Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第10期29-35,共7页Yellow River

摘　　要：冰凌是冬季高寒地区一种普遍存在的自然现象,研究其生消演变及其运动规律对防治冰凌灾害具有重要意义。通过设计环形水槽试验装置,针对不同流速和气温在恒温恒湿实验室做了6组试验,对水体结冰期、封冻期和解冻期的试验数据进行分析,对比动水结冰生消演变过程与静水的差异,探究了水体结冰、冰厚演变机理以及在冰盖增长和消融期间水温的变化过程。基于热力学理论,通过分析结冰期历时、结冰期水体总热量的变化、冰花覆盖率、水气热交换、冰气热交换的相互关系,建立了静、动水体结冰期历时的算法。Ice is a widespread natural phenomenon in winter in cold areas and studying the dissipation evolution and its movement is of great significance to the prevention of ice disasters. An annular flume experimental device was designed in this paper,6 groups of experiments were conducted in the laboratory of constant temperature and humidity under different velocities of flow and temperatures. The data of icing,freezing and thawing periods of water body were analyzed. Comparing the differences of dynamic water ice dissipation evolution and hydrostatic,it explored the water ice,ice thickness and ice growth and evolution mechanism in the process of change during the ablation temperature,and in the freezing period,based on thermodynamic theory,through the analysis of freezing period duration,frozen water total heat quantity change,ice cover,water vapor heat exchange and ice air heat exchange relationship,the establishment of static and dynamic water freezing duration algorithm,the experimental research of dynamic water ice provided an important reference dissipation evolution process.

关 键 词：初冰时间 河冰 冰温 水温 冰盖结构 

分 类 号：TV83[水利工程—水利水电工程]